Chemical, physical and morphological characterization of ZnNi films electrodeposited on 1010 steel substrate from acid baths containing polyalcohol

AbstractZnNi alloy electrodeposition on a 1010 steel electrode in boric-acid baths containing sorbitol, mannitol or glycerol was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Electrodeposits obtained galvanostatically were characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD. It was found that in baths containing sorbitol or mannitol, the deposition current density (jd) was reduced, but in none of the baths was the initial deposition potential affected. SEM images of deposits revealed that the boric-sorbitol and boric-mannitol complexes refine the grain, even at high jd. XRD patterns of the ZnNi deposits produced at jd=50mAcm−2, in ZnNi1 bath and in ZnNi1 bath contained sorbitol or mannitol, indicated that the films were formed mainly of Zn and γ1 phases. To ZnNi2 baths contained glycerol the films were formed of γ and γ1 phases. The Ni content in the deposits produced in the bath without polyalcohol or containing glycerol increased from ~5 to 19wt.% with increasing jd. With sorbitol or mannitol, there was a smaller rise from ~7 to 10wt.% Ni. Thus, ZnNi deposits providing sacrificial protection can be obtained in baths with or without polyalcohol. The linear polarization method showed that ZnNi alloy deposited from baths contained polyalcohol have greate Rp

Climatic oscillations effect on the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) Spanish captures in the Indian Ocean

The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) (YFT) is among the eight marine species with the highest catches globally. The Spanish purse seine freezer fleet operating in the Indian Ocean is one of the most important YFT fishing fleets in the world. The South Oscillation Index (SOI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are interrelated, and have combined effects in the Indian Ocean. Moreover, Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of intraseasonal variability in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans where the sea surface is warm. The main aim of present study is to understand the effect of these four climatic oscillations on Spanish purse seine YFT catches in the Indian Ocean. The ultimate goal is to estimate the specific time lag of the effect of each climatic oscillation on the YFT catches for management purposes. To estimate this, we adjusted different General Additive Models between the response variable (corrected YFT catches per unit of effort per year), compared to a combination of SOI, PDO, IOD, and MJO lagged up to 8 years. Our results suggest that there is a lagged effect modulated mainly by PDO-SOI, which could be related to a good recruitment, larval survival, or improved spawning. Thus, negative PDO phase (or positive SOI phase) lagged between 3 and 6 years could favor future stock abundance, while positive PDO phase (or negative SOI phase) lagged 3 or 6 years could negatively affect future stock abundance.Versión del edito

Effect of climatic oscillations on small pelagic fisheries and its economic profit in the Gulf of Cadiz

Several studies have shown the effect of climatic oscillations on fisheries. Small pelagic fish are of special global economic importance and very sensitive to fluctuations in the physical environment in which they live. The main goal of this study was to explore the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East Atlantic pattern (EA), and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) on the landings and first sale prices of the most representative small pelagic commercial species of the purse-seine fisheries in the Gulf of Cadiz (North East Atlantic), the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and the European sardine Sardine pilchardus. Generalised linear models (GLMs) with different data transformations and distribution errors were generated to analyse these relationships. The best results of the models were obtained by applying a moving average of order 3 to the dataset with a double weighted median. Our results demonstrate relationships between NAO, AO, and EA and European anchovy and sardine landings. These cause an indirect effect on the first sale price in markets through catch variations, which affect the price according to the law of supply and demand. The limitations of this study and management implications are discussed.Postprint2,5

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results