354 research outputs found
Health care use and costs of adverse drug events emerging from outpatient treatment in Germany: A modelling approach
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study's aim was to develop a first quantification of the frequency and costs of adverse drug events (ADEs) originating in ambulatory medical practice in Germany.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The frequencies and costs of ADEs were quantified for a base case, building on an existing cost-of-illness model for ADEs. The model originates from the U.S. health care system, its structure of treatment probabilities linked to ADEs was transferred to Germany. Sensitivity analyses based on values determined from a literature review were used to test the postulated results.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>For Germany, the base case postulated that about 2 million adults ingesting medications have will have an ADE in 2007. Health care costs related to ADEs in this base case totalled 816 million Euros, mean costs per case were 381 Euros. About 58% of costs resulted from hospitalisations, 11% from emergency department visits and 21% from long-term care. Base case estimates of frequency and costs of ADEs were lower than all estimates of the sensitivity analyses.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The postulated frequency and costs of ADEs illustrate the possible size of the health problems and economic burden related to ADEs in Germany. The validity of the U.S. treatment structure used remains to be determined for Germany. The sensitivity analysis used assumptions from different studies and thus further quantified the information gap in Germany regarding ADEs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study found costs of ADEs in the ambulatory setting in Germany to be significant. Due to data scarcity, results are only a rough indication.</p
The dependence of dijet production on photon virtuality in ep collisions at HERA
The dependence of dijet production on the virtuality of the exchanged photon,
Q^2, has been studied by measuring dijet cross sections in the range 0 < Q^2 <
2000 GeV^2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of
38.6 pb^-1.
Dijet cross sections were measured for jets with transverse energy E_T^jet >
7.5 and 6.5 GeV and pseudorapidities in the photon-proton centre-of-mass frame
in the range -3 < eta^jet <0. The variable xg^obs, a measure of the photon
momentum entering the hard process, was used to enhance the sensitivity of the
measurement to the photon structure. The Q^2 dependence of the ratio of low- to
high-xg^obs events was measured.
Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions were found to generally underestimate
the low-xg^obs contribution relative to that at high xg^obs. Monte Carlo models
based on leading-logarithmic parton-showers, using a partonic structure for the
photon which falls smoothly with increasing Q^2, provide a qualitative
description of the data.Comment: 35 pages, 6 eps figures, submitted to Eur.Phys.J.
Beauty photoproduction measured using decays into muons in dijet events in ep collisions at =318 GeV
The photoproduction of beauty quarks in events with two jets and a muon has
been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of
110 pb. The fraction of jets containing b quarks was extracted from the
transverse momentum distribution of the muon relative to the closest jet.
Differential cross sections for beauty production as a function of the
transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the muon, of the associated jet and
of , the fraction of the photon's momentum participating in
the hard process, are compared with MC models and QCD predictions made at
next-to-leading order. The latter give a good description of the data.Comment: 32 pages, 6 tables, 7 figures Table 6 and Figure 7 revised September
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Search for a narrow charmed baryonic state decaying to D^*+/- p^-/+ in ep collisions at HERA
A resonance search has been made in the D^*+/- p^-/+ invariant-mass spectrum
with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 126 pb^-1. The
decay channels D^*+ -> D^0 pi^+_s -> (K^- pi^+) pi^+_s and D^*+ -> D^0 pi^+_s
-> (K^- pi^+ pi^+ pi^-) pi^+_s (and the corresponding antiparticle decays) were
used to identify D^*+/- mesons. No resonance structure was observed in the
D^*+/- p^-/+ mass spectrum from more than 60000 reconstructed D^*+/- mesons.
The results are not compatible with a report of the H1 Collaboration of a
charmed pentaquark, Theta^0_c.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; minor text revisions; 2 references
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Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays
The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device
in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken
during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the
number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for
all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The
efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments
reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per
layer is approximately 5 ns
X-ray emission from the Sombrero galaxy: discrete sources
We present a study of discrete X-ray sources in and around the
bulge-dominated, massive Sa galaxy, Sombrero (M104), based on new and archival
Chandra observations with a total exposure of ~200 ks. With a detection limit
of L_X = 1E37 erg/s and a field of view covering a galactocentric radius of ~30
kpc (11.5 arcminute), 383 sources are detected. Cross-correlation with Spitler
et al.'s catalogue of Sombrero globular clusters (GCs) identified from HST/ACS
observations reveals 41 X-rays sources in GCs, presumably low-mass X-ray
binaries (LMXBs). We quantify the differential luminosity functions (LFs) for
both the detected GC and field LMXBs, whose power-low indices (~1.1 for the
GC-LF and ~1.6 for field-LF) are consistent with previous studies for
elliptical galaxies. With precise sky positions of the GCs without a detected
X-ray source, we further quantify, through a fluctuation analysis, the GC LF at
fainter luminosities down to 1E35 erg/s. The derived index rules out a
faint-end slope flatter than 1.1 at a 2 sigma significance, contrary to recent
findings in several elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31. On the other
hand, the 2-6 keV unresolved emission places a tight constraint on the field
LF, implying a flattened index of ~1.0 below 1E37 erg/s. We also detect 101
sources in the halo of Sombrero. The presence of these sources cannot be
interpreted as galactic LMXBs whose spatial distribution empirically follows
the starlight. Their number is also higher than the expected number of cosmic
AGNs (52+/-11 [1 sigma]) whose surface density is constrained by deep X-ray
surveys. We suggest that either the cosmic X-ray background is unusually high
in the direction of Sombrero, or a distinct population of X-ray sources is
present in the halo of Sombrero.Comment: 11 figures, 5 tables, ApJ in pres
Supramolecular networks stabilise and functionalise black phosphorus
The limited stability of the surface of black phosphorus (BP) under atmospheric conditions is a significant constraint on the exploitation of this layered material and its few layer analogue, phosphorene, as an optoelectronic material. Here we show that supramolecular networks stabilised by hydrogen bonding can be formed on BP, and that these monolayer-thick films can passivate the BP surface and inhibit oxidation under ambient conditions. The supramolecular layers are formed by solution deposition and we use atomic force microscopy to obtain images of the BP surface and hexagonal supramolecular networks of trimesic acid and melamine cyanurate (CA.M) under ambient conditions. The CA.M network is aligned with rows of phosphorus atoms and forms large domains which passivate the BP surface for more than a month, and also provides a stable supramolecular platform for the sequential deposition of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene to form supramolecular heterostructures
Packages of Care for Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
In the first in a series of six articles on packages of care for mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries, Neerja Chowdary and colleagues discuss the treatment of depression
Fatal Human Rabies due to Duvenhage Virus from a Bat in Kenya: Failure of Treatment with Coma-Induction, Ketamine, and Antiviral Drugs
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