60 research outputs found
Motives for choosing growth-enhancing hormone treatment in adolescents with idiopathic short stature: a questionnaire and structured interview study
Background Growth-enhancing hormone treatment is considered a possible intervention in short but otherwise healthy adolescents. Although height gain is an obvious measure for evaluating hormone treatment, this may not be the ultimate goal for the person, but rather a means to reach other goals such as the amelioration of current height-related psychosocial problems or the enhancement of future prospects in life and society. The aim of our study was to clarify the motives of adolescents and their parents when choosing to participate in a growth-enhancing trial combining growth hormone and puberty-delaying hormone treatment. Methods Participants were early pubertal adolescents (25 girls, 13 boys) aged from 11 to 13 years (mean age 11.5 years) with a height standard deviation score (SDS) ranging from -1.03 to -3.43. All had been classified as idiopathic short stature or persistent short stature born small for the gestational age (intrauterine growth retardation) on the basis of a height SDS below -2, or had a height SDS between -1 and -2 and a predicted adult height SDS below -2. The adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires and a structured interview on the presence of height-related stressors, parental worries about their child's behavior and future prospects, problems in psychosocial functioning, and treatment expectations. Questionnaire scores were compared to norms of the general Dutch population. Results The adolescents reported normal psychosocial functioning and highly positive expectations of the treatment in terms of height gain, whereas the parents reported that their children encountered some behavioral problems (being anxious/depressed, and social and attention problems) and height-related stressors (being teased and juvenilized). About 40% of the parents were worried about their children's future prospects for finding a spouse or job. The motives of the adolescents and their parents exhibited rather different profiles. The most prevalent parental worries related to the current or future functioning of their children, while a few cases were characterized by no observed motives or by psychosocial problems only reported by the adolescents themselves. Conclusion The motives for participating in a growth-enhancing hormone trial are more obvious in the parents than in the adolescents themselves. Two out of three parents report worries about the future opportunities or observe modest current psychosocial problems in their children. The adolescents want to gain height, but the motivation underlying this remains unclear. Few of the adolescents experience psychosocial problems. Our analyses revealed differences among individuals in terms of motives, which implies that in an evaluation of hormone treatment, the importance of divergent outcome variables will also differ among individuals. Effectiveness evaluations of hormone treatment to increase height and the consequential fulfillment of other goals must be awaited
Effect of the Size of Clods Contained Covering Soil on the Seedling Emergence of Rice Plant Sown under Upland Field Condition
æ°ŽçšČèŸČæ23ć·ăçšăăŠ, èŠćăźććĄăźć€§ăăă, äčŸç°ă«æ·±æă(èŠć7cm)ăăăćäœăźćșèœăȘăăłă«ćčŒèè«žćšćźăźé·ăă«ćăŒăćœ±éżă«ă€ăăŠ, èŠćă3cmăźć ŽćăšæŻèŒăăȘăăæ€èšăăăäčŸç°ă«æçšźăăăçšźćă性ăăććĄă§èŠćăăăăš, èŠćă3cmăźć Žćă«ăŻéèăźäŒžé·ăæć¶ăăăăăăă, äžćźć
šèăŻă»ăšăă©ăźćäœă§3cm仄äžă«äŒžé·ăăăăŸă性ććĄăźééăć°ććĄă§ć
è¶łăăăć ŽćăŻ, éèăăăłäžćźć
šèăšăă«, 性ććĄă ăăźć Žćăăăé·ăăȘăăăăźç”æ, ăăčăŠăźćșăźćșèœçăŻ, æçšźćŸ12æ„çźă«ăŻ90%仄äžă«éăăăèŠćă7cmăźć Žćă«ăŻ, èŠćăźććĄă性ăăăŠă, éèăăăłäžćźć
šèăŻèŠćă3cmăźć Žćăăăèăăé·ăăȘăăăăźç”æ, 珏1æŹèăäžćźć
šèăăæœćșăăäœçœźăé«ăăăăăăăă, éèăăăłäžćźć
šèăźäŒžé·ăźăżă«ăăŁăŠăŻćșèœăăăăšăŻă§ăă, ćșèœăăăăă«ăŻ, 珏2çŻéăăăłçŹŹ1æŹèă䌞é·ăăȘăăă°ăȘăăȘăăèŠćăźććĄă性ăăć Žćă«ăŻ, 珏2çŻéăźäŒžé·ăæć¶ăăăăăšćæă«, ćșèœăŸă§ăźéă«ćčŒèœăźäŒžé·ă抚ăăććĄăźæ°ăć€ăăȘăăźă§, ćșèœçăŻèăăäœäžăăăăăă, 性ććĄăźééăć°ăăććĄă«ăăŁăŠć
è¶łăăăăš, 珏2çŻéăèăăé·ăăȘă, 珏1æŹèăăăăăăăăăźç”æ, ćșèœçăŻćäžććĄăźć Žćă«æŻăčăŠèăăé«ăŸăă仄äžăźç”æăšććŁäžăžăźć
ăźäŸ”ć
„éăšăźéąäżă«ă€ăăŠ, è„ćčČèćŻăăă / This experiment was carried out to clarify the effects of size of clods in covering soil on the emergence and the elongation of rice seedling sown under upland field condition in pot (10cmĂ10cmĂ12cm) culture. Variety used was Norin No. 23. Seeds were covered with 3cm and 7cm depth of soil. In the case of 3cm in depth of seeding, if seeds were covered with larger clods, the elongation of coleoptile was inhibited, but the profile elongated longer than 3cm. When gaps between larger clods were filled with smaller clods, the length of coleoptile and profile became longer. Consequently, the emergence percentage of all plots reached more than 90% the 12th day after seeding. In the case of 7cm in depth of seeding, if seeds were covered with larger clods, coleoptile or profile elongated to 3 to 4cm in length, but the elongation of second internode was inhibited. As a result, the emergence percentage decreased significantly. When gaps between larger clods were filled with smaller clods, however, the length of second internode increased and first leaf was pushed up through the soil by second internode. Consequently, the emergence percentage increased significantly
Assessment of Renal Function by the Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Human Blood Plasma
Water (H2O) is the most abundant and important molecule of life. Natural water contains small amount of heavy isotopes. Previously, few animal model studies have shown that the isotopic composition of body water could play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Here we study the stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen (ÎŽ2H) and oxygen (ÎŽ18O) in human blood plasma. The stable isotopic ratio is defined and determined by ÎŽsampleâ=â[(Rsample/RSTD)â1] * 1000, where R is the molar ratio of rare to abundant, for example, 18O/16O. We observe that the ÎŽ2H and the ÎŽ18O in human blood plasma are associated with the human renal functions. The water isotope ratios of the ÎŽ2H and ÎŽ18O in human blood plasma of the control subjects are comparable to those of the diabetes subjects (with healthy kidney), but are statistically higher than those of the end stage renal disease subjects (p<0.001 for both ANOVA and Student's t-test). In addition, our data indicate the existence of the biological homeostasis of water isotopes in all subjects, except the end stage renal disease subjects under the haemodialysis treatment. Furthermore, the unexpected water contents (ÎŽ2H and ÎŽ18O) in blood plasma of body water may shed light on a novel assessment of renal functions
Advancing our understanding of functional genome organisation through studies in the fission yeast
Significant progress has been made in understanding the functional organisation of the cell nucleus. Still many questions remain to be answered about the relationship between the spatial organisation of the nucleus and the regulation of the genome function. There are many conflicting data in the field making it very difficult to merge published results on mammalian cells into one model on subnuclear chromatin organisation. The fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, over the last decades has emerged as a valuable model organism in understanding basic biological mechanisms, especially the cell cycle and chromosome biology. In this review we describe and compare the nuclear organisation in mammalian and fission yeast cells. We believe that fission yeast is a good tool to resolve at least some of the contradictions and unanswered questions concerning functional nuclear architecture, since S. pombe has chromosomes structurally similar to that of human. S. pombe also has the advantage over higher eukaryotes in that the genome can easily be manipulated via homologous recombination making it possible to integrate the tools needed for visualisation of chromosomes using live-cell microscopy. Classical genetic experiments can be used to elucidate what factors are involved in a certain mechanism. The knowledge we have gained during the last few years indicates similarities between the genome organisation in fission yeast and mammalian cells. We therefore propose the use of fission yeast for further advancement of our understanding of functional nuclear organisation
Evidence of causal effect of major depression on alcohol dependence: findings from the psychiatric genomics consortium
BACKGROUND
Despite established clinical associations among major depression (MD), alcohol dependence (AD), and alcohol consumption (AC), the nature of the causal relationship between them is not completely understood. We leveraged genome-wide data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and UK Biobank to test for the presence of shared genetic mechanisms and causal relationships among MD, AD, and AC.
METHODS
Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) were performed using genome-wide data from the PGC (MD: 135 458 cases and 344 901 controls; AD: 10 206 cases and 28 480 controls) and UK Biobank (AC-frequency: 438 308 individuals; AC-quantity: 307 098 individuals).
RESULTS
Positive genetic correlation was observed between MD and AD (rgMDâAD = + 0.47, P = 6.6 Ă 10â10). AC-quantity showed positive genetic correlation with both AD (rgADâAC quantity = + 0.75, P = 1.8 Ă 10â14) and MD (rgMDâAC quantity = + 0.14, P = 2.9 Ă 10â7), while there was negative correlation of AC-frequency with MD (rgMDâAC frequency = â0.17, P = 1.5 Ă 10â10) and a non-significant result with AD. MR analyses confirmed the presence of pleiotropy among these four traits. However, the MD-AD results reflect a mediated-pleiotropy mechanism (i.e. causal relationship) with an effect of MD on AD (beta = 0.28, P = 1.29 Ă 10â6). There was no evidence for reverse causation.
CONCLUSION
This study supports a causal role for genetic liability of MD on AD based on genetic datasets including thousands of individuals. Understanding mechanisms underlying MD-AD comorbidity addresses important public health concerns and has the potential to facilitate prevention and intervention efforts
Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV
A search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks is performed in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The signal is characterized by a large missing transverse momentum recoiling against a bottom quark-antiquark system that has a large Lorentz boost. The number of events observed in the data is consistent with the standard model background prediction. Results are interpreted in terms of limits both on parameters of the type-2 two-Higgs doublet model extended by an additional light pseudoscalar boson a (2HDM+a) and on parameters of a baryonic Z simplified model. The 2HDM+a model is tested experimentally for the first time. For the baryonic Z model, the presented results constitute the most stringent constraints to date.Peer reviewe
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Search for low-mass dilepton resonances in Higgs boson decays to four-lepton final states in protonâproton collisions at âs=13TeV
Data Availability: This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authorsâ comment: For CMS Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS policy as stated in âCMS data preservation, re-use and open access policyâ (https://cms-docdb.cern.ch/cgi-bin/PublicDocDB/RetrieveFile?docid=6032&filename=CMSDataPolicyV1.2.pdf&version=2).]Copyright © CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration 2022. A search for low-mass dilepton resonances in Higgs boson decays is conducted in the four-lepton final state. The decay is assumed to proceed via a pair of beyond the standard model particles, or one such particle and a Z boson. The search uses protonâproton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fbâ1, at a center-of-mass energy sâ=13TeV. No significant deviation from the standard model expectation is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on model-independent Higgs boson decay branching fractions. Additionally, limits on dark photon and axion-like particle production, based on two specific models, are reported.SCOAP3
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Search for light Higgs bosons from supersymmetric cascade decays in pp collisions at âs=13TeV
A search is reported for pairs of light Higgs
bosons (H1) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays in
f
inal states with small missing transverse momentum. A data
set of LHC pp collisions collected with the CMS detector
at âs = 13TeV and corresponding to an integrated lumi
nosity of 138fbâ1 is used. The search targets events where
both H1 bosons decay into bÂŻb pairs that are reconstructed
as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. No evi
dence is found for an excess of events beyond the back
ground expectations of the standard model (SM). Results
from the search are interpreted in the next-to-minimal super
symmetric extension of the SM, where a âsinglinoâ of small
mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can pre
dominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like H1
andasinglino-likeneutralinoofsmalltransversemomentum.
Upperlimitsaresetontheproductofthesquarkorgluinopair
production cross section and the square of the bÂŻb branching
fraction of the H1 in a benchmark model containing almost
mass-degenerategluinosandlight-flavoursquarks.Underthe
assumption of an SM-like H1 â bÂŻb branching fraction, H1
bosonswithmassesintherange40â120GeVarisingfromthe
decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass of 1200â2500GeV
are excluded at 95% confidence level.SCOA
Search for dark matter produced in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson in protonâproton collisions at sâ=13TeV
A search for dark matter particles is performed using events with a Z boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on protonâproton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016â2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fbâ1. The search uses the decay channels Zâee and ZâΌΌ. No significant excess of events is observed over the background expected from the standard model. Limits are set on dark matter particle production in the context of simplified models with vector, axial-vector, scalar, and pseudoscalar mediators, as well as on a two-Higgs-doublet model with an additional pseudoscalar mediator. In addition, limits are provided for spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross sections and are compared to those from direct-detection experiments. The results are also interpreted in the context of models of invisible Higgs boson decays, unparticles, and large extra dimensions.SCOAP
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Measurements of Higgs boson production in the decay channel with a pair of leptons in proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV
A preprint version of the article is available at arXiv:2204.12957v2 [hep-ex], https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12957v2 . Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures and tables, can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-19-010 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-HIG-19-010, CERN-EP-2022-027.Measurements of Higgs boson production, where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of Ï leptons, are presented, using a sample of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{â1}. Three analyses are presented. Two are targeting Higgs boson production via gluon fusion and vector boson fusion: a neural network based analysis and an analysis based on an event categorization optimized on the ratio of signal over background events. These are complemented by an analysis targeting vector boson associated Higgs boson production. Results are presented in the form of signal strengths relative to the standard model predictions and products of cross sections and branching fraction to Ï leptons, in up to 16 different kinematic regions. For the simultaneous measurements of the neural network based analysis and the analysis targeting vector boson associated Higgs boson production signal strengths are found to be 0.82 ± 0.11 for inclusive Higgs boson production, 0.67 ± 0.19 (0.81 ± 0.17) for the production mainly via gluon fusion (vector boson fusion), and 1.79 ± 0.45 for vector boson associated Higgs boson production.SCOAP3
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