Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Terrestrial Invertebrates

Terrestrial invertebrates are key components in ecosystems, with crucial roles in soil structure, functioning, and ecosystem services. The present chapter covers how terrestrial invertebrates are impacted by organic chemicals, focusing on up-to-date information regarding bioavailability, exposure routes and general concepts on bioaccumulation, toxicity, and existing models. Terrestrial invertebrates are exposed to organic chemicals through different routes, which are dependent on both the organismal traits and nature of exposure, including chemical properties and media characteristics. Bioaccumulation and toxicity data for several groups of organic chemicals are presented and discussed, attempting to cover plant protection products (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and molluscicides), veterinary and human pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, flame retardants, and personal care products. Chemical mixtures are also discussed bearing in mind that chemicals appear simultaneously in the environment. The biomagnification of organic chemicals is considered in light of the consumption of terrestrial invertebrates as novel feed and food sources. This chapter highlights how science has contributed with data from the last 5 years, providing evidence on bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and toxicity derived from exposure to organic chemicals, including insights into the main challenges and shortcomings to extrapolate results to real exposure scenarios

Research on two-dimensional imaging method of tunnel water hazard hidden danger based on magnetic resonance rotation detection

In light of the non-layered and non-uniform distribution of water hazards in tunnel spaces, existing imaging methods are challenged in accurately reflecting the spatial distribution of these hazards. Through an analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging resolution in tunnel rotation detection, we have developed different models for water-bearing channels as well as complex fault and cave models for water hazards. Subsequently, complex envelope inversion formulas and a two-dimensional complex envelope inversion expression for tunnel spaces have been derived based on the envelope data from tunnel magnetic resonance detection. The optimal solution is obtained through Tikhonov regularization, the Gaussian Newtonian iterative method, and smoothing constraints. This approach allows for the determination of water content and relaxation time parameters. Ultimately, the complex envelope inversion method facilitates the realization of high-precision, two-dimensional imaging of tunnel water hazards. This pioneering method introduces a novel approach to address the challenges associated with quantitatively detecting and providing early warnings for tunnel water hazards

Unclonable Micro‐Texture with Clonable Micro‐Shape towards Rapid, Convenient, and Low‐Cost Fluorescent Anti‐Counterfeiting Labels

An ideal anti-counterfeiting label not only needs to be unclonable and accurate but also must consider cost and efficiency. But the traditional physical unclonable function (PUF) recognition technology must match all the images in a database one by one. The matching time increases with the number of samples. Here, a new kind of PUF anti-counterfeiting label is introduced with high modifiability, low reagent cost (2.1 × 10−4 USD), simple and fast authentication (overall time 12.17 s), high encoding capacity (2.1 × 10623), and its identification software. All inorganic perovskite nanocrystalline films with clonable micro-profile and unclonable micro-texture are prepared by laser engraving for lyophilic patterning, liquid strip sliding for high throughput droplet generation, and evaporative self-assembling for thin film deposition. A variety of crystal film profile shapes can be used as “specificator” for image recognition, and the verification time of recognition technology based on this divide-and-conquer strategy can be decreased by more than 20 times