Mean Combined Relative Grip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome: 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Churilla, JR, Summerlin, M, Richardson, MR, and Boltz, AJ. Mean combined relative grip strength and metabolic syndrome: 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 995-1000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mean combined relative grip strength (MCRGS), the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the individual MetS criterion using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (≥20 years of age). The study sample included subjects from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES). Subject MCRGS, using an average of 3 attempts per hand, was measured by a trained examiner using a handgrip dynamometer. All anthropometric, blood pressure, and serum blood measures used to diagnose the MetS were obtained in a Mobile Examination Center using a subsample of NHANES subjects (N = 4,664). Results suggest a favorable inverse dose-response relationship exists across quartiles of increased MCRGS and likelihood of MetS in both men and women (p \u3c 0.0001 for trend). In analyses adjusted for age, race, education, and meeting aerobic physical activity recommendations, when compared with a referent group in the lowest quartile of MCRGS (MCRGS 3.20-3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS \u3e1.99-2.38 kg/BMI in women) and fourth quartile (MCRGS \u3e3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS \u3e2.38 kg/BMI in women), were significantly less likely to have the MetS, independent of gender (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Similar findings varied according to individual MetS criterion. These findings provide the first data suggesting that increased MCRGS may be inversely related to the MetS or the individual MetS criterion in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults

Epilepsy and Physical Activity in US Adults

Objectives To examine the prevalence of self-reported aerobic leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) participation using a representative sample of US adults (18 years old and older) with a seizure disorder or epilepsy. Methods Data from the 2010, 2013, and 2015 National Health Interview Survey cycles were used to examine the prevalence and odds of meeting the 2018 PA guidelines with a nationally representative sample of US adults. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression were used in calculating estimates. Results Overall, the prevalence of adults with a seizure disorder or epilepsy reporting no (0 min), insufficient (\u3c150 \u3emin), sufficient (150-300 min [meets recommendations]), or high volumes of LTPA (\u3e300 min [meets recommendations]) were 45.1%, 20.0%, 10.8%, and 24.1% (P \u3c 0.001), respectively, and had a 43% (odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.66) lower odds of meeting the 2018 federal guidelines for aerobic LTPA. In addition, 17.7% of adults with a seizure disorder reported meeting the MSA recommendation and were 32% (odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.57-0.80) less likely to preform MSA ≥2 days/week (P \u3c 0.05). Conclusions Adults reporting a seizure disorder or epilepsy also indicate their ability to participate in both LTPA and MSA; however, this population was found to have a significantly lower odds of meeting current federal aerobic LTPA and MSA recommendations

Mode of physical activity participation by body mass index: 2015 behavioural risk factor surveillance system

Body mass index (BMI) continues to be used as a marker of health due its strong correlation with adiposity and health. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to be favourably associated with a desirable BMI. Few studies have examined mode of PA participation across BMI indices with a mutually exclusive underweight BMI range. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between modes of PA and BMI. Data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was analysed. Underweight, overweight, and obese BMI categories possessed 35, 20, and 46% lower odds of meeting current PA guidelines. The obese BMI group was found to have lower odds of meeting the aerobic only and strength only guidelines. Underweight, overweight, and obese groups possessed 63, 18, and 76% greater odds of meeting neither PA guideline, respectively

Mode of physical activity participation by body mass index: 2015 behavioural risk factor surveillance system

Body mass index (BMI) continues to be used as a marker of health due its strong correlation with adiposity and health. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to be favourably associated with a desirable BMI. Few studies have examined mode of PA participation across BMI indices with a mutually exclusive underweight BMI range. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between modes of PA and BMI. Data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was analysed. Underweight, overweight, and obese BMI categories possessed 35, 20, and 46% lower odds of meeting current PA guidelines. The obese BMI group was found to have lower odds of meeting the aerobic only and strength only guidelines. Underweight, overweight, and obese groups possessed 63, 18, and 76% greater odds of meeting neither PA guideline, respectively

Sedentary Time and Cumulative Risk of Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure: From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background: This study examined the relationship between self-reported sedentary time (ST) and the cumulative risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in a diverse cohort of U.S. adults 45–84 years of age. Methods and Results: Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we identified 6,814 subjects, all free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with risk of HFpEF and HFrEF. Weekly ST was dichotomized based on the 75th percentile (1890 min/wk). During ∼11.2 years of follow-up there were 178 first incident HF diagnoses: 74 HFpEF and 69 HFrEF. Baseline ST \u3e1890 min/wk was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF (HR 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–3.09, P = .01), but not of HFrEF. The relationship with HFpEF remained significant in fully adjusted models including physical activity and waist circumference (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.23–3.78, P \u3c .01). In addition, every 60-minute increase in weekly ST was associated with a 3% increased risk of HFpEF (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, P \u3c .01). Conclusions: Sedentary time \u3e1890 min/wk (∼4.5 h/d) is a significant predictor of HFpEF, independently from physical activity and adiposity

Mechanisms of Injury Leading to Concussions in Collegiate Soccer Players: A CARE Consortium Study

Few previous studies have investigated how different injury mechanisms leading to sport-related concussion (SRC) in soccer may affect outcomes. To describe injury mechanisms and evaluate injury mechanisms as predictors of symptom severity, return to play (RTP) initiation, and unrestricted RTP (URTP) in a cohort of collegiate soccer players. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. The Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium database was used. The mechanism of injury was categorized into head-to-ball, head-to-head, head-to-body, and head-to-ground/equipment. Baseline/acute injury characteristics-including Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-3 total symptom severity (TSS), loss of consciousness (LOC), and altered mental status (AMS); descriptive data; and recovery (RTP and URTP)-were compared. Multivariable regression and Weibull models were used to assess the predictive value of the mechanism of injury on TSS and RTP/URTP, respectively. Among 391 soccer SRCs, 32.7% were attributed to a head-to-ball mechanism, 27.9% to a head-to-body mechanism, 21.7% to a head-to-head mechanism, and 17.6% to a head-to-ground/equipment mechanism. Event type was significantly associated with injury mechanism [χ (3) = 63; < .001), such that more head-to-ball concussions occurred in practice sessions (n = 92 [51.1%] vs n = 36 [17.1%]) and more head-to-head (n = 65 [30.8%] vs n = 20 [11.1]) and head-to-body (n = 76 [36%] vs n = 33 [18.3%]) concussions occurred in competition. The primary position was significantly associated with injury mechanism [χ (3) = 24; < .004], with goalkeepers having no SRCs from the head-to-head mechanism (n = 0 [0%]) and forward players having the least head-to-body mechanism (n = 15 [19.2%]). LOC was also associated with injury mechanism ( = .034), with LOC being most prevalent in head-to-ground/equipment. Finally, AMS was most prevalent in head-to-ball (n = 54 [34.2%]) and head-to-body (n = 48 [30.4%]) mechanisms [χ (3) = 9; = .029]. In our multivariable models, the mechanism was not a predictor of TSS or RTP; however, it was associated with URTP ( = .044), with head-to-equipment/ground injuries resulting in the shortest mean number of days (14 ± 9.1 days) to URTP and the head-to-ball mechanism the longest (18.6 ± 21.6 days). The mechanism of injury differed by event type and primary position, and LOC and AMS were different across mechanisms. Even though the mechanism of injury was not a significant predictor of acute symptom burden or time until RTP initiation, those with head-to-equipment/ground injuries spent the shortest time until URTP, and those with head-to-ball injuries had the longest time until URTP

Gene Expression Imputation Across Multiple Tissue Types Provides Insight Into the Genetic Architecture of Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Clinical Subtypes

Background: The etiology of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is poorly understood. To identify genes with predicted expression levels associated with FTD, we integrated summary statistics with external reference gene expression data using a transcriptome-wide association study approach. Methods: FUSION software was used to leverage FTD summary statistics (all FTD: n = 2154 cases, n = 4308 controls; behavioral variant FTD: n = 1337 cases, n = 2754 controls; semantic dementia: n = 308 cases, n = 616 controls; progressive nonfluent aphasia: n = 269 cases, n = 538 controls; FTD with motor neuron disease: n = 200 cases, n = 400 controls) from the International FTD-Genomics Consortium with 53 expression quantitative loci tissue type panels (n = 12,205; 5 consortia). Significance was assessed using a 5% false discovery rate threshold. Results: We identified 73 significant gene–tissue associations for FTD, representing 44 unique genes in 34 tissue types. Most significant findings were derived from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex splicing data (n = 19 genes, 26%). The 17q21.31 inversion locus contained 23 significant associations, representing 6 unique genes. Other top hits included SEC22B (a gene involved in vesicle trafficking), TRGV5, and ZNF302. A single gene finding (RAB38) was observed for behavioral variant FTD. For other clinical subtypes, no significant associations were observed. Conclusions: We identified novel candidate genes (e.g., SEC22B) and previously reported risk regions (e.g., 17q21.31) for FTD. Most significant associations were observed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex splicing data despite the modest sample size of this reference panel. This suggests that our findings are specific to FTD and are likely to be biologically relevant highlights of genes at different FTD risk loci that are contributing to the disease pathology