Trends of online trading development in Russia

Trade branch is strategically important for the Russian economy: it provides a significant share of GDP, creates jobs, and a base for the activities of individual entrepreneurs, etc. For the last 5-7 years, e-commerce segment has begun to make an enormous contribution to development of the trade industry; today the segment is one of the priority directions of development of the industry as a whole. By way of evidence, the paper reflects and analyzes the dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the development of e-commerce in the country. It demonstrates main trends in the development of e-commerce, reflects the goods market structure from the perspective of consumer interests in goods purchase over the Internet, studies the nature and relevance of modern omni-channel system of trade organization. The article also compares Russian and foreign experience of development of e-commerce segment, and proves that, despite its rapid development, the Russian market of e-commerce is incommensurably small in comparison with the markets of developed countries. Based on the results of the analysis priority areas for further development of e-commerce in Russia are identified, and the expected results predicted

Institutional factors of micro, mezzo and macro systems’ innovative development

© 2017, by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to find the factors for stability of innovative development, the basis of which, under conditions of uncertainty of the environment, are institutions that reduce transaction costs, are responsible for the creation, diffusion and development of innovation and technology of institutionalization and management of innovative economic development. The aim of the study is to search for and organize the institutional impact factors on the innovative development and its sustainability. The article summarizes the possibilities of overcoming the limits of innovation development of the micro, mezzo and macro systems and key points of the institutional impact on innovation development, to ensure its sustainability in the environmental conditions’ uncertainty. Paper Submissions are of theoretical and practical significance for the development and implementation of federal and regional programs of competition policy and innovation development, as well as in the development of the state innovation policy strategy

Measurement of B(J/psi->eta_c gamma) at KEDR

We present a study of the inclusive photon spectrum from 6.3 million J/psi decays collected with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M e+e- collider. We measure the branching fraction of the radiative decay J/psi -> eta_c gamma, eta_c width and mass. Taking into account an asymmetric photon line shape we obtain: M(eta_c) = (2978.1 +- 1.4 +- 2.0) MeV/c^2, Gamma(eta_c) = (43.5 +- 5.4 +- 15.8) MeV, B(J/psi->eta_c gamma) = (2.59 +- 0.16 +- 0.31)%$.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. To be published in the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Charm Physics (Charm2010), October 21-24, 2010, IHEP, Beijin

Condition bile system at chronic hepatitises of a various etiology

Is presented results of the ultrasonic study liver and bile ways, radiological of the study liver and bilious channel by means of hepatobilescintigraphia, fractious chromatic minutes duodenal of the flexing with biochemical study of the composition gall bile beside patient with chronic viral hepatitis С and with patient to abuse of alcohol. It is installed that signs of the breach current of bile were diagnosed in 99%, breach to biochemistries gall bile in 100% events (aside its litogenesis). The degree of the change the main biochemical factors gall bile depended on etiology diseases and types duskiness of bile ways. Got given necessary to take into account in the treatment patient with chronic virus hepatitis С and by mixed etiology.Представлены результаты ультразвукового исследования печени и желчевыводящих путей, радиологического исследования печени и желчных протоков посредством гепатобилисцинтиграфии, фракционного хроматического минутированного дуоденального зондирования с биохимическим исследованием состава пузырной желчи у пациентов с хроническим вирусным гепатитом С и при сопутствующем злоупотреблении алкоголя. Нарушения желчевыделения были диагностированы в 99% случаев, нарушения биохимии пузырной желчи - в 100% (в сторону ее литогенности). Степень изменения основных биохимических показателей пузырной желчи зависела от этиологии заболевания и типа нарушения желчеотделения. Полученные данные необходимо учитывать в лечебной тактике ведения пациентов с хроническим вирусным гепатитом С и при сочетанной этиологии

Поражение печени при хроническом вирусном гепатите С на фоне опийной наркомании: морфологические аспекты

To ascertain the severity of opium-induced liver injury for chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) patients with detection of morphological characters of hepatocyte impact by opiates.Needle biopsy of liver and the light microscopy of biopsy material were made both for isolated HCV and HCV+opiomania patients.Liver injury (hepatitis activity, fibrosis stage) for HCV patients against the background of opiomania does not differ from the case of isolated HCV. Use of alcohol by opium addicts even in very small doses (10—15 g per day) cause the development of significantly more severe liver injury. Fibrosis of central vein was found significantly more often for HCV against the background of opiomania.Fibrosis of central vein is a differential-diagnostic criterion of being opiates as an etiological factor of liver injury. Opiates as an isolated toxic factor does not cause severe liver injury for HCV patients unlike the use of alcohol even in small doses.Проведено исследование тяжести поражения печени при хроническом вирусном гепатите С (ХВГ С) на фоне опийной наркомании с выявлением морфологических феноменов воздействия опиатов на гепатоциты.Пациентам с ХВГ С и с течением ХВГ С на фоне опийной наркомании проведена пункционная биопсия печени и световая микроскопия биоптатов.При ХВГ С на фоне опийной наркомании тяжесть поражения печени (активность гепатита, стадия фиброза) не отличается от изолированного течения ХВГ С. Употребление опиатными наркоманами даже крайне малых, так называемых негепатотоксичных, доз алкоголя (10—15 г этанола в сутки) обусловливает развитие достоверно более тяжелого поражения печени. При системном употреблении опиатов, по данным морфологического исследования биоптатов, достоверно чаще встречается фиброз центральных вен.Установлено, что фиброз центральных вен является характерным морфологическим признаком воздействия опиатов на печень. Опиаты как изолированный токсический фактор не приводят к более тяжелому поражению печени при ХВГ С, что происходит при употреблении даже малых доз алкоголя

Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√ = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96+0.26−0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio σ(W + +c¯¯)/σ(W − + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s−s¯¯¯ quark asymmetry

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT