75 research outputs found
Projecting wildfire emissions over the south-eastern United States to mid-century
Wildfires can impair human health because of the toxicity of emitted pollutants, and threaten communities, structures and the integrity of ecosystems sensitive to disturbance. Climate and socioeconomic factors (e.g. population and income growth) are known regional drivers of wildfires. Reflecting changes in these factors in wildfire emissions estimates is thus a critical need in air quality and health risk assessments in the south-eastern United States. We developed such a methodology leveraging published statistical models of annual area burned (AAB) over the US Southeast for 2011-2060, based on county-level socioeconomic and climate projections, to estimate daily wildfire emissions in selected historical and future years. Projected AABs were 7 to 150% lower on average than the historical mean AABs for 1992-2010; projected wildfire fine-particulate emissions were 13 to 62% lower than those based on historical AABs, with a temporal variability driven by the climate system. The greatest differences were in areas of large wildfire impacts from socioeconomic factors, suggesting that historically based (static) wildfire inventories cannot properly represent future air quality responses to changes in these factors. The results also underscore the need to correct biases in the dynamical downscaling of wildfire climate drivers to project the health risks of wildfire emissions more reliably
Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
The inclusive transverse momentum () distributions of primary
charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range as a
function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at
TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the range
GeV/ for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%.
The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor
using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision
energy. We observe that the suppression of high- particles strongly
depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most
suppressed with at -7 GeV/. Above
GeV/, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification
factor, which reaches for GeV/. In
peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with almost independently of . The measured nuclear
modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284
Particle-yield modification in jet-like azimuthal di-hadron correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at = 2.76 TeV
The yield of charged particles associated with high- trigger
particles ( GeV/) is measured with the ALICE detector in
Pb-Pb collisions at = 2.76 TeV relative to proton-proton
collisions at the same energy. The conditional per-trigger yields are extracted
from the narrow jet-like correlation peaks in azimuthal di-hadron correlations.
In the 5% most central collisions, we observe that the yield of associated
charged particles with transverse momenta GeV/ on the
away-side drops to about 60% of that observed in pp collisions, while on the
near-side a moderate enhancement of 20-30% is found.Comment: 15 pages, 2 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 10,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/350
Centrality Dependence Of The Pseudorapidity Density Distribution For Charged Particles In Pb-pb Collisions At √snn=2.76tev
7264/Mai61062
Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at GeV with ALICE at the LHC
The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured
in proton-proton collisions at GeV at the LHC using the ALICE
detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region
over the transverse momentum range GeV/.
The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also
studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive
(NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for is (stat.) (syst.) GeV/ and
\left_{\rm NSD}=0.489\pm0.001 (stat.) (syst.)
GeV/, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are
compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and
PHOJET.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/390
Inclusive J/psi production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV
The ALICE Collaboration has measured inclusive J/psi production in pp
collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV at the LHC. The results
presented in this Letter refer to the rapidity ranges |y|<0.9 and 2.5<y<4 and
have been obtained by measuring the electron and muon pair decay channels,
respectively. The integrated luminosities for the two channels are L^e_int=1.1
nb^-1 and L^mu_int=19.9 nb^-1, and the corresponding signal statistics are
N_J/psi^e+e-=59 +/- 14 and N_J/psi^mu+mu-=1364 +/- 53. We present
dsigma_J/psi/dy for the two rapidity regions under study and, for the forward-y
range, d^2sigma_J/psi/dydp_t in the transverse momentum domain 0<p_t<8 GeV/c.
The results are compared with previously published results at sqrt(s)=7 TeV and
with theoretical calculations.Comment: 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
Neutral pion and meson production in proton-proton collisions at TeV and TeV
The first measurements of the invariant differential cross sections of
inclusive and meson production at mid-rapidity in proton-proton
collisions at TeV and TeV are reported. The
measurement covers the ranges GeV/ and GeV/ for
these two energies, respectively. The production of mesons was measured
at TeV in the range GeV/. Next-to-Leading Order
perturbative QCD calculations, which are consistent with the spectrum
at TeV, overestimate those of and mesons at
TeV, but agree with the measured ratio at
TeV.Comment: 17 pages, 5 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/310
Pretreatment Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction Predicts Poor Outcome after Thrombectomy in Intracranial ICA Occlusion
ESP v2.0: enhanced method for exploring emission impacts of future scenarios in the United States – addressing spatial allocation
The Emission Scenario Projection (ESP) method produces future-year air pollutant emissions for mesoscale air quality modeling applications. We present ESP v2.0, which expands upon ESP v1.0 by spatially allocating future-year emissions to account for projected population and land use changes. In ESP v2.0, US Census Division-level emission growth factors are developed using an energy system model. Regional factors for population-related emissions are spatially disaggregated to the county level using population growth and migration projections. The county-level growth factors are then applied to grow a base-year emission inventory to the future. Spatial surrogates are updated to account for future population and land use changes, and these surrogates are used to map projected county-level emissions to a modeling grid for use within an air quality model. We evaluate ESP v2.0 by comparing US 12 km emissions for 2005 with projections for 2050. We also evaluate the individual and combined effects of county-level disaggregation and of updating spatial surrogates. Results suggest that the common practice of modeling future emissions without considering spatial redistribution over-predicts emissions in the urban core and under-predicts emissions in suburban and exurban areas. In addition to improving multi-decadal emission projections, a strength of ESP v2.0 is that it can be applied to assess the emissions and air quality implications of alternative energy, population and land use scenarios
Exosomal proteins as prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer
BACKGROUND: Use of exosomes as biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an intriguing approach in the liquid-biopsy era. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles with membrane-bound proteins that reflect their originating cell. Prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve patient selection for optimal treatment. We here evaluate exosomes by protein phenotyping as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.METHODS: Exosomes from plasma of 276 NSCLC patients were phenotyped using the Extracellular Vesicle Array; 49 antibodies captured the proteins on the exosomes, and a cocktail of biotin-conjugated antibodies binding the general exosome markers CD9, CD81 and CD63 was used to visualise the captured exosomes. For each individual membrane-bound protein, results were analysed based on presence, in a concentration-dependent manner, and correlated to overall survival (OS).RESULTS: The 49 proteins attached to the exosomal membrane were evaluated. NY-ESO-1, EGFR, PLAP, EpCam and Alix had a significant concentration-dependent impact on inferior OS. Due to multiple testing, NY-ESO-1 was the only marker that maintained a significant impact on inferior survival (hazard rate (HR) 1.78 95% (1.78-2.44); p = 0.0001) after Bonferroni correction. Results were adjusted for clinico-pathological characteristics, stage, histology, age, sex and performance status.CONCLUSION: We illustrate the promising aspects associated with the use of exosomal membrane-bound proteins as a biomarker and demonstrate that they are a strong prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.</p
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