New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings: Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation: Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation: This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing

Architecture et dynamique des dunes tidales. Exemples de la marge atlantique francaise

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 79803 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Enregistrements stratigraphiques des cycles climatiques et glacio-eustatiques du Quaternaire terminal (modélisations de la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion)

Le Quaternaire terminal a été le théâtre de changements importants du climat, qui ont affecté les enregistrements sédimentaires à travers le monde. Les travaux entrepris depuis une dizaine d années sur la marge du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée occidentale) montrent qu il s agit d une zone exceptionnelle pour explorer l impact de la variabilité climatique et glacio-eustatique sur l organisation stratigraphique des sédiments. Les séquences sédimentaires liées aux grands cycles tardi-pléistocénes de 100 000 ans, révélées par la sismique, ont été échantillonnées et interprétées grâce aux données roulti-proxies des forages du projet européen Promess-l . La révision du modèle stratigraphique de la marge a contribué à préciser les modèles conceptuels de la stratigraphie séquentielle. L analyse stratigraphique à plus haute résolution révèle également 1 enregistrement de séquences liées à des cycles climatiques beaucoup plus courts durant le dernier cycle glaciaire (~130 000 ans). L association des événements de Heinrich et de Dansgaard Oeschger dans les cycles de Bond présente une expression stratigraphique distincte, sous la forme de paraséquences régressives. La modélisation de l agencement des structures sédimentaires associées à la remontée du niveau marin lors de la dernière déglaciation souligne le rôle des événements climatiques extrêmes dans la formation du message sédimentairche aut e Cette étude présente une confirmation semi-quantitative et bien contrainte dans le temps, du rôle fondamental de 1 eustatisme et des flux sédimentaires dans l organisation des séquences de dépôt à l échelle de la dizaine ou de la centaine de milliers d années.Earth s climate oscillated during the Late Quaternary and these variations influenced sedimentary records worldwide. However, the associated changes of global sea-level and of environmental factors are not precisely documented, neither are their stratigraphic signatures. The extensive geophysical and sedimentological investigations carried out in the Gulf of Lions (Western Mediterranean) since the 90 s allow us to explore the expanded sedimentary records preserved on this continental margin during the Late Quaternary. The combination of high sediment supply and significant subsidence favoured an almost continuous record, at the shelf edge, of sedimentary sequences linked to 100 kyr glacio-eustatic and climatic cycles. The Gulf of Lions is therefore an ideal area for calibration of climatic and sea-level variations from the continental margin architecture. First interpreted from seismic data, these sequences have been sampled and analysed by the EC-funded Promess 1 drilling operation. This high resolution record of the last ca. 500 kyr provides a new detailed litho- and chrono-stratigraphic framework. It allows a revised high-resolution, tri-dimensional sequence stratigraphic analysis of the margin. It also reveals, from an ultra-high resolution multi-proxy analysis of the last glacial cycle (~130 kyr), the stratigraphic and sedimentary imprints of millennium-scale climatic events such as Heinrich events and the cooling Bond cycles. Finally, the quantitative numerical modelling of the last deglacial period evidences the influence of a very high sediment flux and co pulses of sea-level rises (driven by rapid climatic events) on the architecture of the deltaic system.BREST-BU Droit-Sciences-Sports (290192103) / SudocSudocFranceF

"AMOCO CADIZ" Cartographie des apports polluants et des zones contaminées

Ce rapport présente les résultats du suivi cartographique et géo­morphologique de la pollution des côtes bretonnes par le pétrole de l'AMOCO CADIZ jusqu'au mois de Mars 1979, c'est-à-dire un an après la catastrophe. Les reconnaissances aériennes associées à des visites détaillées des 160 stations établies entre la pointe ST MATHIEU et le sillon du TALBERT ont permis de suivre l'arrivée du pétrole à la côte puis sa disparition plus ou moins rapide. Pour dresser ce bilan, plus d'une vingtaine de vols ont été effectués ainsi que 5 campagnes de terrain ; débutés immédiatement après le naufrage de l'AMOCO CADIZ en collaboration avec de nombreux organismes, ces travaux se sont poursuivis à partir de Novembre 1978 dans le cadre du program­me de suivi écologique coordonné par le CNEXO pour le compte du Ministère de l'Environnement et du Cadre de Vie. Le premier aspect de ce document est purement descriptif; il s'agit de localiser et de décrire la pollution à différentes dates ; la constatation qui s'impose alors est l'extraordinaire décontamination du littoral, aussi bien sous l'effet des activités humaines de nettoyage que grâce au brassage naturel particulièrement intense durant les mois d'hiver, phénomène facilité par la faible viscosité du pétrole léger de l'AMOCO CADIZ. L'étude plus détaillée de ce bilan fait cependant apparaître de gran­des différences dans l'évolution de la décontamination en fonction de la nature géomorphologique des zones atteintes. En conséquence, on s'est attaché à expli­citer les processus contrôlant la persistance ou l'élimination du pétrole le long des côtes, ce qui permet de définir un index de vulnérabilité du littoral. Enfin, à la lumière de l'expérience acquise à l'occasion de ce sinistre, on a tenté de dégager quelques règles de conduite permettant à une équipe scien­tifique d'intervenir avec le maximum d'efficacité en cas de renouvellement d'une marée noire

Impacts morphologiques des surcotes et vagues de tempêtes sur le littoral méditerranéen

PERPIGNAN-BU Sciences (661362101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Gulf of Lions : regional setting, MSC surfaces, MSC basinal units, MSC Clastics

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Formation et évolution des canyons sous-marins du Golfe du Lion (relation avec les cycles glacio-eustatiques)

BREST-BU Droit-Sciences-Sports (290192103) / SudocPLOUZANE-Bibl.La Pérouse (290195209) / SudocSudocFranceF

Compte-rendu et premiers dépouillements de la mission ECOSIG

Les objectifs affichés de cette mission qui s'est déroulée les 25 et 26 août 1985 à bord du CYROS étaient les suivants : - effectuer la recette d'une source sismique de type sparker (SIG 1580) - réaliser des enregistrements sismiques analogiques en vue d'une numérisation à terre pour effectuer des traitements - entreprendre une reconnaissance sismique préliminaire sur le site retenu pour l'implantation du phare d'Ouessant (Aide Majeure à la Navigation), ceci pour préparer la mission DERO-GM de 1986. Ce dernier objectif qui était lié aux conditions météorologiques n'a pu être réalisé, compte-tenu du peu de temps imparti pour cette missio