Plc And Mobile Application Based Lab Automation

In order to save energy and time, to ensure safety as well as to reduce the human intervention, automation plays a vital role in today’s human life. Though there has been significant development, individual’s routine task has to be automated. Here in this work smart phones are used for automation as they are used throughout the day. In addition to above PLC and Microcontroller are also used for automation. Lab automation (Industrial automation lab) allows us to control lab appliances such as computers, Programmable logic controllers, Pump, Lights and Fans. In Lab, fire accidents due to short circuits can be prevented; sensing the usage of high power handling equipment or hazardous equipment in the absence of lab in charge and automatic ON/OFF can be detected and tested using this technology

Multi objective genetic algorithm for training three term backpropagation network

Multi Objective Evolutionary Algorithms has been applied for learning problem in Artificial Neural Networks to improve the generalization of the training and testing unseen data.This paper proposes the simultaneous optimization method for training Three Term Back Propagation Network (TTBPN) learning using Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm.The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is applied to optimize the TTBPN structure by simultaneously reducing the error and complexity in terms of number of hidden nodes of the network for better accuracy in classification problem.This methodology is applied in two kinds of multiclasses data set obtained from the University of California at Irvine repository.The results obtained for training and testing on the datasets illustrate less network error and better classification accuracy, besides having simple architecture for the TTBPN

Hybrib NSGA-II optimization for improving the three-term BP network for multiclass classification problems

Recently, hybrid algorithms have received considerable attention from a number of researchers. This paper presents a hybrid of the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to gain a better accuracy of the fi nal solutions.The aim of using the hybrid algorithm is to improve the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm performance in terms of the enhancement of all the individuals in the population and increase the quality of the Pareto optimal solutions.The multiobjective evolutionary algorithm used in this study is a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) together with its hybrid, the backpropagation algorithm (BP), which is used as a local search algorithm to optimize the accuracy and complexity of the three-term backpropagation (TBP) network. The outcome positively demonstrates that the hybrid algorithm is able to improve the classification performance with a smaller number of hidden nodes and is effective in multiclass classifi cation problems.Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed hybrid method is a potentially useful classifi er for enhancing the classification process ability when compared with the multiobjective genetic algorithm based on the TBP network (MOGATBP) and certain other methods found in the literature

q-Rung Orthopair fuzzy time series forecasting technique: Prediction based decision making

The literature frequently uses fuzzy inference methods for time series forecasting. In business and other situations, it is frequently necessary to forecast numerous time series. The q-Rung orthopair fuzzy set is a beneficial and competent tool to address ambiguity. In this research, a computational forecasting method based on q-Rung orthopair fuzzy time series has been created to deliver better prediction results to deal with situations containing higher uncertainty caused by large fluctuations in consecutive years' values in time series data and with no visualization of trend or periodicity. The main objective of this article is to handle time series forecasting with the usage of q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets for things like floods, admission of students, number of patients, etc. After this, people can then manage issues that will arise in the future. Previously, there was a gap in determining the forecasting of data whose entire value of membership and non-membership exceeded 1. To fill this kind of gap, we used q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets in time series forecasting. We also used numerous algebraic components for the q-Rung orthopair fuzzy time series, which has a union, max-min composition, cartesian product, and algorithm that are useful to calculate the method of data forecasting. Moreover, we also defined the algorithm and proposed MATLAB code that facilitates the execution of mathematical calculations, design, analysis, and optimization (structural and mathematical), and gives results with speed, correctness, and precision. At the end, we tested the model using historical student enrollment data and the annual peak discharge at Guddu Barrage. Furthermore, we calculated the error to get an idea of to what extent this method is suitable

Deletion of the Short Arm of Chromosome 1 (del 1p) is a Strong Predictor of Poor Outcome in Myeloma Patients Undergoing an Autotransplant

AbstractSeveral chromosomal abnormalities detected by conventional cytogenetic analysis have an adverse impact on the outcome in myeloma patients. A wide spectrum of abnormalities involving chromosomes 1, 13, 14, and 17 has been described. We analyzed the outcome of 83 patients with clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, who underwent high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma at our institution. Clonal abnormalities were detected at diagnosis by conventional cytogenetic analysis in 83 patients. Patients underwent a single autologous transplant between April 2000 and May 2005. Preparative regimen was high-dose melphalan alone (73), or a combination of topotecan, melphalan, and cyclophosphamide (TMC = 10). The most commonly observed chromosomal abnormalities were deletion of chromosome 13 (32%), hyperdiploidy (21%), deletion of chromosome 1p (18%), and t (11; 14) in 7% patients. Median follow-up among surviving patients was 25.5 months. Median interval from diagnosis to autotransplant was 7.7 months (range: 2.5-52). Median progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire group was 19 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 52 months. On univariate analysis, both PFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with deletion 1p (P = .001 and <.0001, respectively). Thirty-two patients whose cytogenetic abnormalities returned to normal prior to autotransplant had longer PFS and OS than patients with persistent abnormalities (P = .02 and .08, respectively). Deletion 1p is associated with a significantly shorter remission and survival in patients undergoing high-dose therapy and a single autologous transplant for myeloma

Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid of raw milk for the detection of bovine subclinical mastitis

Background and Aim: Bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) is highly prevalent among dairy cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of electric conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) tests for the detection of SCM. Materials and Methods: We randomly selected 108 milk samples from cows of different breeds in the primary milk-producing region of Pabna and Sirajgonj districts of Bangladesh. Samples were subjected to the California mastitis test (CMT), white side test (WST), electric conductivity (EC), TDS, and culture. A cow was considered positive for SCM if it tested positive in CMT, WST, and culture, whereas a cow was considered negative for SCM if it tested negative in all three methods. These gold standards have been used to evaluate the performance of the EC and TDS tests. The optimal EC and TDS cutoff values for the detection of SCM were determined using the “optimal cutoff” function in R version 4.3.1. Results: The optimal EC cutoff value for SCM detection was found to be 6159 μS/cm or 6.16 mS/cm. A positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 31.2 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905 were obtained for this cutoff value. The optimal cutoff value for TDS was 3100 mg/L of milk, which resulted in a positive LR+ of 45.5 and an AUC of 0.924. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the performance of EC and TDS tests in detecting SCM in Bangladesh. These results suggest that EC and TDS tests, which are inexpensive, rapid, and easy to conduct, can effectively detect SCM at the farm level

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10&nbsp;years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37&nbsp;years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p &lt; 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)