7 research outputs found

    Estrutura da tecnologia de produção agricola regional: uma abordagem da programação de metas.

    Get PDF
    Este estudo objetivou estimar e analisar as funções de produção média e de fronteira e caracterizar a estrutura da tecnologia de produção agrícola. Com base nos dados do Censo Agropecuário de 1995/96, referente à mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba do Estado de Minas Gerais, utilizou-se a programação de metas (goal programming) para calcular os parâmetros das funções de produção na forma funcional tipo Cobb Douglas. Uma das principais conclusões é o fato de que a aborda- gem utilizada no estudo permite identificar as significativas diferenças no nível de eficiência produtiva e na estrutura das tecnologias de produção na região, indicando o viés que se incorre ao tomar decisões baseadas somente nos parâmetros da função de produção média. Outra conclusão importante é o fato de que os procedimentos adotados no estudo conseguem evidenciar algumas características estruturais da tecnologia de produção, oferecendo maiores informações sobre a tomada de decisão

    Discriminação da função de produção e elasticidades de substituição de fatores na agropecuária do estado de Minas Gerais

    No full text
    Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar, a função de produção agregada da agropecuária do Estado de Minas Gerais. Em duas etapas, primeiramente agruparam-se os municípios em termos da eficiência produtiva, utilizando para tanto a abordagem não-paramétrica de análise envoltória de dados. Numa segunda etapa, de posse dos grupos eficientes e dos ineficientes, ajustou-se uma função de produção agregada na forma funcional translog, cujos parâmetros foram estimados por mínimos quadrados ordinários. Este artigo indica um procedimento analítico que possa subsidiar a estimação de funções de produção mais coerentes com a realidade, no sentido de que relaxa o pressuposto neoclássico de que as unidades de produção são eficientes. Os resultados foram coerentes, uma vez que se pôde discriminar os municípios relativamente ineficientes e identificar a diferença nas elasticidades da produção e de substituição dos fatores dos diferentes grupos. Uma das principais conclusões é que é necessário discriminar a função de produção de acordo com o nível de eficiência produtiva, bem como calcular a elasticidade de substituição em cada ponto da amostra para testar as condições de regularidade da função

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

    Get PDF
    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

    The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

    Get PDF
    AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

    Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

    No full text

    Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

    Get PDF
    Not availabl
    corecore