Lutte antiérosive

Face à la pression démographique et foncière dans les pays en développement, la productivité des terres connaît actuellement une forte baisse dans de nombreuses régions tropicales. Par ailleurs, la succession rapprochée des tempêtes cycloniques entraîne l'appauvrissement extrême de certaines populations du fait de la dégradation des terres et des inondations des plaines où se développent les principales agglomérations. Telles sont les problématiques étudiées par l'IRD et le réseau Érosion de l'AUF dont ce CD présente les derniers travaux. Initialement réunies dans la perspective d'un colloque à Haïti (annulé suite au séisme de 2010), les contributions publiées ici portent sur des études de cas à Haïti, mais aussi à Madagascar, au Maghreb ou au Vietnam, soit au total une soixantaine de communications et une série de documents récents issus des réflexions des experts. Structuré en six thèmes, ce CD constitue ainsi une source bibliographique précieuse pour les décideurs, les experts, les ONG, les acteurs de la société civile et les chercheurs concernés par la gestion durable de l'eau et la restauration de la productivité des sols (GCES)

Early rhythm-control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND Despite improvements in the management of atrial fibrillation, patients with this condition remain at increased risk for cardiovascular complications. It is unclear whether early rhythm-control therapy can reduce this risk. METHODS In this international, investigator-initiated, parallel-group, open, blinded-outcome-assessment trial, we randomly assigned patients who had early atrial fibrillation (diagnosed ≤1 year before enrollment) and cardiovascular conditions to receive either early rhythm control or usual care. Early rhythm control included treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs or atrial fibrillation ablation after randomization. Usual care limited rhythm control to the management of atrial fibrillation–related symptoms. The first primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, stroke, or hospitalization with worsening of heart failure or acute coronary syndrome; the second primary outcome was the number of nights spent in the hospital per year. The primary safety outcome was a composite of death, stroke, or serious adverse events related to rhythm-control therapy. Secondary outcomes, including symptoms and left ventricular function, were also evaluated. RESULTS In 135 centers, 2789 patients with early atrial fibrillation (median time since diagnosis, 36 days) underwent randomization. The trial was stopped for efficacy at the third interim analysis after a median of 5.1 years of follow-up per patient. A first-primary-outcome event occurred in 249 of the patients assigned to early rhythm control (3.9 per 100 person-years) and in 316 patients assigned to usual care (5.0 per 100 person-years) (hazard ratio, 0.79; 96% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.94; P=0.005). The mean (±SD) number of nights spent in the hospital did not differ significantly between the groups (5.8±21.9 and 5.1±15.5 days per year, respectively; P=0.23). The percentage of patients with a primary safety outcome event did not differ significantly between the groups; serious adverse events related to rhythm-control therapy occurred in 4.9% of the patients assigned to early rhythm control and 1.4% of the patients assigned to usual care. Symptoms and left ventricular function at 2 years did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Early rhythm-control therapy was associated with a lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes than usual care among patients with early atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular conditions