Исследование поля тормозного рентгеновского излучения конвертора импульсного электронного ускорителя

Мощные импульсы короткой длительности (80 нс) тормозного рентгеновского излучения являются современным инструментом для проведении исследований по тематикам "материалы для экстремальных состояний", при моделировании космических условий, для разработки технологий радиационной обработки биологических материалов. Необходимым условием применения данного инструмента является информация о геометрических и дозовых характеристиках поля тормозного рентгеновского излучения в области генерации. Кроме того, полученные данные позволят оптимизировать настройки ускорителя и конструкцию конвертора для достижения максимальной эффективности генерации.Powerful pulses of short duration (80 NS) braking x-ray radiation are the modern tool for conducting research on the topics "materials for extreme conditions", in the simulation of space conditions for the development of radiation processing of biological materials. A precondition for the application of this tool is the information on the geometrical characteristics of the dose and the field of the braking x-ray radiation to generate. In addition, the data obtained will allow to optimize the settings of the accelerator and the design of the Converter to achieve maximum lasing efficiency

Arsen in Fließgewässern: Bericht: Auswirkung von Arsenbelastungen auf den ökologischen Zustand/Potential und Abgleich der Ergebnisse mit derzeitigen Umweltqualitätsnormen

Der Bericht informiert über den Versuch, Umweltziele für Arsen über den ökologischen Zustand nach EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie zu definieren. Die Artengemeinschaft reagiert auf erhöhte Arsenbelastungen mit nachweisbaren Veränderungen. Doch bilden die gültigen biologischen Verfahren die Belastung nicht adäquat ab. Umso wichtiger sind belastbare Umweltqualitätsnormen für die Ableitung realistischer Umweltziele. Für die Wasserphase wird eine Jahresdurchschnittskonzentration von 1,3 µg/l als plausibel eingeschätzt. Der ökologische Zustand kann dann „maximal mäßig“ sein. Diese wissenschaftliche Grundlagenarbeit unterstützt die Ableitung weniger strenger Umweltziele im Altbergbau

Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) for environmental development and transfer of antibiotic resistance

Background: Only recently has the environment been clearly implicated in the risk of antibiotic resistance to clinical outcome, but to date there have been few documented approaches to formally assess these risks. Objective: We examined possible approach

Развитие стресс-менеджмента в системе управления персоналом предприятия на примере ОАО "Томскнефть" ВНК

Стресс-менеджмент и его методика позволяют быстро и эффективно решить стрессовую ситуацию возникшую в организации. Развитие стресс-менеджмента в системе управления персоналом предприятия позволит сформировать конструктивное отношение к стрессовым ситуациям на рабочем месте. Большую часть своего времени современный человек проводит на работе. Высокая нагрузка на работе; недостаточное количество сна; конфликты на работе; отсутствие контроля; отсутствие эмоциональной поддержки со стороны сослуживцев приводят к выявлению у человека одного из синдромов: "boreout" или "burnout". В данной работе были сформированы методические указания конструктивного отношения к стрессовым ситуациям и методам саморегулирования.Stress management and its methodology allow to quickly and effectively solve the stressful situation that arose in the organization. The development of stress management in the personnel management system of the enterprise will allow to form a constructive attitude to stressful situations in the workplace. Most of his time a modern man spends at work. High work load; Insufficient sleep; Conflicts at work; Lack of control; The lack of emotional support from co-workers lead to the identification of a person in one of the syndromes: "boreout" or "burnout". In this work, methodical instructions for a constructive attitude to stressful situations and methods of self-regulation have been formed

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: What are the big questions?

Background: Over the past 10-15 years, a substantial amount of work has been done by the scientific, regulatory, and business communities to elucidate the effects and risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment. Objective: This review was undertaken to identify key outstanding issues regarding the effects of PPCPs on human and ecological health in order to ensure that future resources will be focused on the most important areas. Data sources: To better understand and manage the risks of PPCPs in the environment, we used the "key question" approach to identify the principle issues that need to be addressed. Initially, questions were solicited from academic, government, and business communities around the world. A list of 101 questions was then discussed at an international expert workshop, and a top-20 list was developed. Following the workshop, workshop attendees ranked the 20 questions by importance. Data synthesis: The top 20 priority questions fell into seven categories: a) prioritization of substances for assessment, b) pathways of exposure, c) bioavailability and uptake, d) effects characterization, e) risk and relative risk, f) antibiotic resistance, and g) risk management. Conclusions: A large body of information is now available on PPCPs in the environment. This exercise prioritized the most critical questions to aid in development of future research programs on the topic.Centro de Investigaciones del Medioambient

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Partizipation - von Anfang an?! : ein Projekt zur Stärkung angehender Altenpflegekräfte

Wie sollte ein würdevolles Leben im höheren Alter gestaltet werden? Erhöhen moderne Medizintechnologien die Zuwendungszeit Pflegebedürftiger? Ist die Pflege durch einen Roboter ethisch vertretbar? Rechtfertigt Sicherheit die Überwachung dementer Menschen? Der Einsatz von Technologie in der Pflege wirft viele Fragen auf, die nicht nur pflegebedürftige Personen und ihre Angehörigen, sondern auch Pflegende und die Gesellschaft betreffen. Der Band bietet interdisziplinäre Einblicke, wie junge Menschen zur (medialen) Teilhabe zu ethischen Fragen von Technik in der Pflege befähigt werden können. Anhand von systematischen Texten und Beispielen aus der Praxis werden die Herausforderungen, partizipative Prozesse zu aktuellen ethischen Fragen anzuregen, diskutiert. Der Fokus liegt darauf, Anregungen für die aktive Einbindung verschiedener Perspektiven in die Debatte um Technik in der Pflege zu geben. Pflegende, Lehrkräfte, Pädagog*innen sowie an ethischen Fragen der Pflege Interessierte können durch den Sammelband und darin enthaltene Beispiele aus der Praxis wertvolle Hinweise für ihre Arbeit gewinnen