Os embates em torno da história: ações afirmativas e o dever de memória

Partindo de algumas discussões sobre memória, o artigo postula a necessidade de que a História, e a sua relação com a memória, seja articulada e discutida por meio do viés político. Nesse sentido, apontamos os diferentes modos como os grupos sociais concebem e reivindicam suas memórias. Este estudo focaliza o fato de quer nossas memórias são construídas e/ou apagadas segundo o que decide o poder vigente. No Brasil, as reivindicações do Movimento Negro, por exemplo, não estão ligadas apenas à questão da reparação e sim do direito ao dever de memória que, como ação afirmativa, vem dar novo sentido à história desse grupo

Educação em tempos de pandemia e o fortalecimento da educação a distância no ensino superior: as oportunidades do lucrativo mercado educacional

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os dados sobre a expansão Educação a Distância (EAD) nos cursos de graduação, com ênfase nas licenciaturas. Entende-se que o debate acerca da formação de intelectuais organizadores da cultura está, cada vez mais, disputado pelas bases econômicas e seus aparelhos privados de hegemonia. No atual cenário de pandemia, observa-se o avanço de propostas educacionais que seguem a tendência de massificação da EAD. Essa tendência se acentou mesmo antes da pandemia, quando houve um crescimento robusto das modalidades de EAD nos cursos de licenciaturas (públicas e privadas) pelo país

A CRIAÇÃO DA CAPES COMO AGÊNCIA DE FOMENTO NO BRASIL E SEU PAPEL NO PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES

Este artigo tem o objetivo de pensar as políticas de formação de professores a partir de uma discussão que articula a criação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) como agência de fomento no Brasil e seus papéis institucionais no processo de avaliação. No que diz respeito ao caminho metodológico implementado para alcançar o objetivo proposto, procuramos trazer uma discussão preliminar sobre a criação da Capes, cuja identidade e papéis estão vinculados aos processos de avaliação institucional, auxiliando nos debates e proposições de políticas para formação docente ao longo dos anos. Ao final da exposição sobre a importância da Capes como agência de fomento e suas articulações para as mudanças de objetivos no processo de institucionalização, foram feitos alguns apontamentos sobre os projetos e políticas desenvolvidas em alguns governos, no intuito de pensar os impactos nas políticas educacionais e a forma como se propõe a discutir a formação de professores

Estudo clínico e imunológico comparativo do acometimento inicial e desfecho de pacientes com Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico juvenil e adulto

Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma doença reumática autoimune, de caráter crônico e largo espectro clínico, sendo caracterizada por complexas anormalidades do sistema imunológico, com o predomínio de anticorpos antinucleares que atingem diversos órgãos e sistemas. Embora possa ocorrer em qualquer idade e em ambos, apresenta maior incidência em mulheres de idade reprodutiva, com um pico aos 30 anos. Em alguns casos, pode manifestar-se ainda na faixa etária juvenil (LESJ). No entanto, considerando o diagnóstico e as manifestações clínicas prevalentes diversas do LES e LESJ, ainda não são comuns os trabalhos acerca desse assunto, dificultando a criação de um perfil que comprove a maior gravidade dos sintomas manifestados antes dos dezoito anos em comparação com o LES. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca identificar diferenças no perfil clínico, epidemiológico e imunológico de pacientes que preenchem critérios diagnósticos para LES e LESJ. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional do tipo coorte histórico, com abordagem quali-quantitativa. O estudo foi realizado nos ambulatórios de reumatologia e reumatologia pediátrica do Centro de Especialidades Médicas do CESUPA (CEMEC) do Centro Universitário do Pará (CESUPA), localizado em Belém-PA. As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes no LESJ foram febre, astenia, alterações cutâneas agudas, artralgia, vasculite, derrame pericárdico, proteinúria, cilindros hemáticos, nefrite lúpica, linfopenia, trombocitopenia e hipocomplementenemia. Pacientes do grupo adulto tiveram ao início e seguimento predominância em valores aumentados nas provas inflamatórias, perda de peso, lúpus cutâneo papuloescamoso, alopecia cicatricial e não cicatricial, úlceras orais, artrite, pericardite, derrame pleural, mielite transversa, neurite e psicose, anemia hemolítica autoimune, leucopenia e neutropenia. O grupo juvenil apresentou maior índice de atividade ao início da doença, porém, teve um desenvolvimento mais favorável, quando comparado ao grupo adulto, já que diminuiu seu índice SLEDAI-2K de maneira mais efetiva que o grupo de início adulto. Conclui-se que pacientes LESJ tiveram prevalência levemente maior do sexo masculino, positividade do anticorpo anti-dsDNA, hipocomplementenemia, maior frequência de manifestações cutâneas agudas, acometimento renal e maior índice de atividade da doença no início, porém com melhor evolução em seu curso. Em contrapartida, o LES obteve prevalência do sexo feminino, manifestações laboratoriais de anemia hemolítica autoimune e leucopenia, além maior atividade inflamatória e sintomas articulares

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Os embates em torno da história: ações afirmativas e o dever de memória

Partindo de algumas discussões sobre memória, o artigo postula a necessidade de que a História, e a sua relação com a memória, seja articulada e discutida por meio do viés político. Nesse sentido, apontamos os diferentes modos como os grupos sociais concebem e reivindicam suas memórias. Este estudo focaliza o fato de quer nossas memórias são construídas e/ou apagadas segundo o que decide o poder vigente. No Brasil, as reivindicações do Movimento Negro, por exemplo, não estão ligadas apenas à questão da reparação e sim do direito ao dever de memória que, como ação afirmativa, vem dar novo sentido à história desse grupo