Fast Autofocusing using Tiny Transformer Networks for Digital Holographic Microscopy

The numerical wavefront backpropagation principle of digital holography confers unique extended focus capabilities, without mechanical displacements along z-axis. However, the determination of the correct focusing distance is a non-trivial and time consuming issue. A deep learning (DL) solution is proposed to cast the autofocusing as a regression problem and tested over both experimental and simulated holograms. Single wavelength digital holograms were recorded by a Digital Holographic Microscope (DHM) with a 10$\mathrm{x}$ microscope objective from a patterned target moving in 3D over an axial range of 92 $\mu$m. Tiny DL models are proposed and compared such as a tiny Vision Transformer (TViT), tiny VGG16 (TVGG) and a tiny Swin-Transfomer (TSwinT). The experiments show that the predicted focusing distance $Z_R^{\mathrm{Pred}}$ is accurately inferred with an accuracy of 1.2 $\mu$m in average in comparison with the DHM depth of field of 15 $\mu$m. Numerical simulations show that all tiny models give the $Z_R^{\mathrm{Pred}}$ with an error below 0.3 $\mu$m. Such a prospect would significantly improve the current capabilities of computer vision position sensing in applications such as 3D microscopy for life sciences or micro-robotics. Moreover, all models reach state of the art inference time on CPU, less than 25 ms per inference

Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in Hospitals in the City of Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Case of the Jason Sendwe General Reference Hospital in 2015 to 2019

Gestational diabetes is defined as a carbohydrate tolerance disorder leading to hyperglycaemia of varying severity, occurring or first diagnosed during pregnancy, regardless of the treatment required and the course of the postpartum period. Its prevalence has been estimated at between 2.2% and 8.8% of pregnancies, depending on the populations studied and the screening criteria used. We determined the prevalence of gestational diabetes at the Jason Sendwe General Referral Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2019 at Sendwe Hospital. It concerned 48 pregnant women from 24 weeks of pregnancy. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes was made by blood glucose obtained with the O'Sullivan test or by fasting blood glucose. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 2.15%. Modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with gestational diabetes in this study are age ≥ 35 years, parity, history of macrosomia, and history of type 2 diabetes in the surrogates of the pregnancies. The prevalence rate remains high and shows that gestational diabetes is a public health problem in the city of Lubumbashi. The O'Sullivan test is a valid alternative for its good detection. We found that age, especially after 35 years is the major determinant of gestational diabetes in the population living in Lubumbashi

Structural preferential attachment: Network organization beyond the link

We introduce a mechanism which models the emergence of the universal properties of complex networks, such as scale independence, modularity and self-similarity, and unifies them under a scale-free organization beyond the link. This brings a new perspective on network organization where communities, instead of links, are the fundamental building blocks of complex systems. We show how our simple model can reproduce social and information networks by predicting their community structure and more importantly, how their nodes or communities are interconnected, often in a self-similar manner.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Quantum entanglement with acousto-optic modulators: 2-photon beatings and Bell experiments with moving beamsplitters

We present an experiment testing quantum correlations with frequency shifted photons. We test Bell inequality with 2-photon interferometry where we replace the beamsplitters by acousto-optic modulators, which are equivalent to moving beamsplitters. We measure the 2-photon beatings induced by the frequency shifts, and we propose a cryptographic scheme in relation. Finally, setting the experiment in a relativistic configuration, we demonstrate that the quantum correlations are not only independent of the distance but also of the time ordering between the two single-photon measurements.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figure

Progress of the LUNEX5 Project

http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/FEL2013/papers/wepso05.pdfInternational audienceLUNEX5 (free electron Laser Using a New accelerator for the Exploitation of X-ray radiation of 5th generation) aims at investigating the production of short, intense, and coherent pulses in the soft X-ray region. A 400 MeV superconducting linear accelerator and a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA), will feed a single Free Electron Laser line with High order Harmonic in Gas and Echo Enable Harmonic Generation seeding. After the Conceptual Design Report (CDR), R&D has been launched on specific magnetic elements (cryo-ready 3 m long in-vacuum undulator, a variable strong permanent magnet quadrupoles), on diagnostics (Smith-Purcell, electro-optics). In recent transport studies of a LWFA based on more realistic beam parameters (1 % energy spread, 1 μm beam size and 1 mrad divergence) than the ones assumed in the CDR, a longitudinal and transverse manipulation enables to provide theoretical amplification. A test experiment is under preparation. It is noted in this context that among the French scientific community's interest in experiments at operating FELs is increasing

A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL

Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Human Cryptochrome-1 Confers Light Independent Biological Activity in Transgenic Drosophila Correlated with Flavin Radical Stability

Cryptochromes are conserved flavoprotein receptors found throughout the biological kingdom with diversified roles in plant development and entrainment of the circadian clock in animals. Light perception is proposed to occur through flavin radical formation that correlates with biological activity in vivo in both plants and Drosophila. By contrast, mammalian (Type II) cryptochromes regulate the circadian clock independently of light, raising the fundamental question of whether mammalian cryptochromes have evolved entirely distinct signaling mechanisms. Here we show by developmental and transcriptome analysis that Homo sapiens cryptochrome - 1 (HsCRY1) confers biological activity in transgenic expressing Drosophila in darkness, that can in some cases be further stimulated by light. In contrast to all other cryptochromes, purified recombinant HsCRY1 protein was stably isolated in the anionic radical flavin state, containing only a small proportion of oxidized flavin which could be reduced by illumination. We conclude that animal Type I and Type II cryptochromes may both have signaling mechanisms involving formation of a flavin radical signaling state, and that light independent activity of Type II cryptochromes is a consequence of dark accumulation of this redox form in vivo rather than of a fundamental difference in signaling mechanism

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MEDIA GAME EDUCATION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI MTs HASBUR RACHMAN ALIF DESA LENGKONG WETAN KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA

ASEP SAMSUL MA'ARIF : Berdasarkan Observasiawal di kelas VII MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif terlihat proses pembelajaran IPS masih menggunakan media spidol dan papan tulis. Sehingga banyak siswa yang kurang memperhatikan guru pada saat proses pembelajaran., Hal ini berakibat pada kejenuhan dan kebosanan yang berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa yang kurang dari KKM yang diterapkan di MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif yakni 70. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu, aktivitas siswa dan kinerja guru dengan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education, dan mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah diterapkannya pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game education pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu di MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education menekankan motivasi siswa untuk berpikir kritis dan menuangkan. Hal ini memudahkan siswa untuk mengakses materi IPS yang banyak dimanapun, serta mempemudah daya ingat siswa tentang apayatgtelah didapatkan selama proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (pTK) yang dilaksanakan selama tiga siklus. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif sebanyak 31 siswa yang terdiri dari 18 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa hal ini terlihat dari hasil tes yang telah dilakukan selama tiga siklus, dimana pada pratindakan (pretes) nilai sebesar 65,25 dan ketuntasan belajar 25 yo, siklus I nilai rata-rata sebesar 76,75 dan ketuntasan_ belajar siswa sebesar 65,5%o siklus II nilai rata-rata siswa 85,75 dan nilai ketuntasan belajar sebesar 90% siklus III dengan nilai rata-rata 92,25 dan ketuntasan belajar mengalami peningkatanya itu 97,5yo. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu di MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif. Kata Kunci: Game Education, MotivasiBelajar, PTK

Znf202 Affects High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Promotes Hepatosteatosis in Hyperlipidemic Mice

Background: The zinc finger protein Znf202 is a transcriptional suppressor of lipid related genes and has been linked to hypoalphalipoproteinemia. A functional role of Znf202 in lipid metabolism in vivo still remains to be established. Methodology and Principal Findings: We generated mouse Znf202 expression vectors, the functionality of which was established in several in vitro systems. Next, effects of adenoviral znf202 overexpression in vivo were determined in normo- as well as hyperlipidemic mouse models. Znf202 overexpression in mouse hepatoma cells mhAT3F2 resulted in downregulation of members of the Apoe/c1/c2 and Apoa1/c3/a4 gene cluster. The repressive activity of Znf202 was firmly confirmed in an apoE reporter assay and Znf202 responsive elements within the ApoE promoter were identified. Adenoviral Znf202 transfer to Ldlr-/- mice resulted in downregulation of apoe, apoc1, apoa1, and apoc3 within 24 h after gene transfer. Interestingly, key genes in bile flux (abcg5/8 and bsep) and in bile acid synthesis (cyp7a1) were also downregulated. At 5 days post-infection, the expression of the aforementioned genes was normalized, but mice had developed severe hepatosteatosis accompanied by hypercholesterolemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. A much milder phenotype was observed in wildtype mice after 5 days of hepatic Znf202 overexpression. Interestingly and similar to Ldl-/- mice, HDL-cholesterol levels in wildtype mice were lowered after hepatic Znf202 overexpression. Conclusion/Significance: Znf202 overexpression in vivo reveals an important role of this transcriptional regulator in liver lipid homeostasis, while firmly establishing the proposed key role in the control of HDL levels