Estatuto orgánico de gestión organizacional por procesos en el registro de la propiedad y mercantil GAD San Jacinto de Yaguachi provincia del Guayas.

Primer Capítulo: Consiste específicamente en el planteamiento del problema y la evaluación del mismo, lo cual nos permite darnos cuenta la importancia de un estatuto orgánico en el Registro de la Propiedad y Mercantil GAD San Jacinto de Yaguachi Provincia del Guayas, donde se han establecido los objetivos generales y específicos que abarcan los logros y beneficios que pretendemos alcanzar con el desarrollo del mismo. La justificación nos explica el porqué de nuestro proyecto la importancia y seriedad ya que esto nos ayuda al crecimiento socioeconómico de nuestra sociedad. Segundo Capítulo: Se expone el Marco Teórico, que se relaciona con temas en base de las variables, la fundamentación teórica, definición de cada una de las variables, la fundamentación pedagógica y filosófica, en el Marco Conceptual se expresan los términos usados en la investigación, redactamos las hipótesis, declaramos las variables y por último la Operacionalización de las variables. Tercer Capítulo: Aquí se redacta el Marco Metodológico, que significa la modalidad y perspectiva de la investigación, la población y la muestra, características de la población, delimitación de la población, tipo y tamaño de la muestra, métodos, técnicas e instrumento de la investigación. Cuarto Capítulo: Describe el Análisis e Interpretación de Resultados, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el tipo de investigación desarrollado. Quinto Capítulo: Se efectúa la Propuesta, es la solución posible a un problema, cuyo propósito es de satisfacer la necesidad de una institución, fundamentación, justificación, los objetivos, la ubicación, factibilidad, descripción, recursos, análisis financiero e impacto

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de mantequilla condimentada en tres presentaciones: ajos, mix hierbas y ajos y finas hierbas en envase lápiz untable

El presente estudio de prefactibilidad comprueba la viabilidad de mercado, técnica, económica y social para la instalación de una planta de producción de mantequilla condimentada con ajos y finas hierbas en envase lápiz untable. De esta forma, este objetivo se cumplió a través del análisis de los siguientes capítulos del estudio. El primer capítulo abarca la descripción de la problemática, así como la hipótesis y respectivas justificaciones del estudio. En el segundo capítulo, se determinó el público objetivo del producto, así como el cálculo de la demanda del proyecto para el horizonte del estudio, siendo un total de 133 236 unidades de mantequilla Melty en el último año. Adicional a ello se establecieron las estrategias de comercialización y distribución necesarias para incrementar los ingresos de la empresa. En el tercer capítulo, se realizó una evaluación de la localización de la planta mediante el método de Ranking de factores. El cual resultó como ubicación óptima a Ate, Lima Metropolitana. Esto gracias al análisis y calificación de los factores más influyentes para un buen funcionamiento de planta. En el cuarto capítulo, se evaluó los distintos tamaños de planta: mercado, recursos productivos, tecnología y punto de equilibrio. De los cuales, el tamaño de planta determinante fue de mercado, pues se encontraba por encima del mínimo tamaño requerido para generar utilidad y; por debajo del tamaño recursos productivos y de tecnología. En el quinto capítulo, se definió el proceso productivo para la elaboración de mantequilla condimentada en envase lápiz untable; a partir de esto, se seleccionó la tecnología necesaria y por consiguiente se halló el cuello de botella del proceso, siendo el proceso de maduración. Además, se definieron el plan de calidad, de mantenimiento, de seguridad y salud ocupacional y gestión del ambiente. También, se utilizó el método Guerchet para hallar el área mínima recomendada para la zona productiva; y, respecto a los demás espacios, se empleó como guía el Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones. En el sexto capítulo, se definió la estructura organizacional de la empresa a través de un organigrama, el cual refleja los puestos de trabajo necesarios para el funcionamiento óptimo de la organización. En el séptimo capítulo, se estimó la inversión total requerida para la instalación y funcionamiento de la planta. A partir de ello, se pudo evaluar la viabilidad económica y financiera del proyecto a través de indicadores como el VANF (S/285 846,34), TIRF (46,78%), R B/C (2,22 veces) y PR (2 año y 9 meses) obteniéndose resultados positivos que resguardan la decisión de invertir en el proyecto. Adicional a ello, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad utilizando distintos escenarios, en los cuales se evaluaron la fluctuación de las variables más representativas del modelo de estudio, resultando la demanda y el precio. Finalmente, en el octavo capítulo, se realizó un análisis del impacto social de la empresa a través de indicadores como el valor agregado, intensidad y densidad de capital y la relación producto capital. Obteniendo resultados positivos que representan un beneficio para las comunidades y entidades involucradas.This pre-feasibility study verifies the market, technical, economic, and social viability for the installation of a production plant for butter flavored with garlic and fine herbs in stick containers. In this way, this objective was achieved through the analysis of the following chapters of the study. The first chapter covers the description of the problem, as well as the hypothesis and respective justifications of the study. In the second chapter, the target audience for the product was determined, as well as the calculation of the project's demand for the horizon of the study, being 133 236 units of Melty butter in the last year. In addition to this, the necessary marketing and distribution strategies were established to increase the company's income. In the third chapter, for the evaluation of the location of the plant was used the Ranking de factores method. Which resulted as an optimal location to Ate, Lima Metropolitana. Thanks to the analysis and qualification of the most influential factors for a good plant operation. In the fourth chapter, the different plant sizes were evaluated: market, productive resources, technology, and equilibrium point. Of which, the determining plant size was market, as it was above the minimum size required to generate profit and below the size of productive and technological resources. In the fifth chapter, the production process to produce butter seasoned in stick packaging was defined; from this, the necessary technology was selected and consequently the bottleneck of the process was found, being the milk cream ripening. In addition, the quality, maintenance, occupational health and safety and environmental management plan were defined. Also, the Guerchet method was used to find the minimum recommended area for the productive zone; and, with respect to the other spaces, the National Building Regulations were used as a guide. In the sixth chapter, the organizational structure of the company was defined through an organization chart, which reflects the jobs necessary for the optimal functioning of the organization. In the seventh chapter, the total investment required for the installation and operation of the plant was estimated. From this, the economic and financial viability of the project could be evaluated through indicators such as VANF (S/285 846,34), TIRF (46,78%), R B/C (2,22 times) and PR (2 year and 9 months) obtaining positive results that safeguard the decision to invest in the project. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed using different scenarios, in which the fluctuation of the most representative variables of the study model was evaluated. Finally, in the eighth chapter, an analysis of the social impact of the company was carried out through indicators such as value added, capital intensity and density, and the capital product ratio. Obtaining positive results that represent a benefit for the communities and entities involved

Hydrodynamic attraction of swimming microorganisms by surfaces

Cells swimming in confined environments are attracted by surfaces. We measure the steady-state distribution of smooth-swimming bacteria (Escherichia coli) between two glass plates. In agreement with earlier studies, we find a strong increase of the cell concentration at the boundaries. We demonstrate theoretically that hydrodynamic interactions of the swimming cells with solid surfaces lead to their re-orientation in the direction parallel to the surfaces, as well as their attraction by the closest wall. A model is derived for the steady-state distribution of swimming cells, which compares favorably with our measurements. We exploit our data to estimate the flagellar propulsive force in swimming E. coli

Variations in water use by a mature mangrove of Avicennia germinans, French Guiana

In the tropical intertidal zones, little is known on water uptake by mangroves. Transpiration rates are generally measured at leaf level, but few studies exist on water use at tree or stand levels. The objective of this study was to measure sap flow in trees of different sizes to appreciate the range of variation in water use that may exist in a site dominated by 80% mature Avicennia germinans. The results showed that from the dry to the wet season the mean water use increased from 3.2 to 5.3 dm3 d−1 in small trees (DBH ∼ 13 cm), from 11.5 to 30.8 dm3 d−1 in medium trees (∼24 cm) and from 40.8 to 64.1 dm3 d−1 in large ones (∼45 cm). Sapwood remained active up to a depth of 8 cm with radial variations within the stem. Weak correlations were obtained with VPD and net radiation. This study confirmed that transpiration was larger under low levels of salinity. Water use at stand level (∼1900 living stems ha−1) was estimated to be in the range of 5.8 to 11.8 m3 ha−1 d−1 according to the season

Scale-up of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Laboratory Services, Peru

One-sentence summary for table of contents: Strategic design and implementation of these services is feasible in resource-poor settings

VEGF-A165b protects against proteinuria in a mouse model with progressive depletion of all endogenous VEGF-A splice isoforms from the kidney

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with a decrease in the expression of VEGF-A. However, little is known about the contribution of VEGF-A splice isoforms to kidney physiology and pathology. Previous studies suggest that the splice isoform VEGF-A165b (resulting from alternative usage of a 3’ splice site in the terminal exon) is protective for kidney function. We show here, in a quad-transgenic model, that over-expression of VEGF-A165b alone is sufficient to rescue the increase in proteinuria as well as glomerular water permeability in the context of progressive depletion of all VEGF-A isoforms from the podocytes. Ultrastructural studies show that the glomerular basement membrane is thickened, podocyte slit width is increased and sub-podocyte space coverage is reduced when VEGF-A is depleted, all of which are rescued in VEGF-A165b over-expressors. VEGF-A165b restores the expression of PECAM-1 in glomerular endothelial cells and glomerular capillary circumference. Mechanistically, it increases VEGFR2 expression both in vivo and in vitro and down-regulates genes involved in migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, otherwise up-regulated by the canonical isoform VEGF-A165. Our study indicates that manipulation of VEGF-A splice isoforms could be a novel therapeutic avenue in chronic glomerular disease

Abundance and Distribution of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses in Coastal and Estuarine Sediments—a Review

The long term survival of fecal indicator organisms (FIOs) and human pathogenic microorganisms in sediments is important from a water quality, human health and ecological perspective. Typically, both bacteria and viruses strongly associate with particulate matter present in freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. This association tends to be stronger in finer textured sediments and is strongly influenced by the type and quantity of clay minerals and organic matter present. Binding to particle surfaces promotes the persistence of bacteria in the environment by offering physical and chemical protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. How bacterial and viral viability and pathogenicity is influenced by surface attachment requires further study. Typically, long-term association with surfaces including sediments induces bacteria to enter a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state. Inherent methodological challenges of quantifying VBNC bacteria may lead to the frequent under-reporting of their abundance in sediments. The implications of this in a quantitative risk assessment context remain unclear. Similarly, sediments can harbor significant amounts of enteric viruses, however, the factors regulating their persistence remains poorly understood. Quantification of viruses in sediment remains problematic due to our poor ability to recover intact viral particles from sediment surfaces (typically <10%), our inability to distinguish between infective and damaged (non-infective) viral particles, aggregation of viral particles, and inhibition during qPCR. This suggests that the true viral titre in sediments may be being vastly underestimated. In turn, this is limiting our ability to understand the fate and transport of viruses in sediments. Model systems (e.g., human cell culture) are also lacking for some key viruses, preventing our ability to evaluate the infectivity of viruses recovered from sediments (e.g., norovirus). The release of particle-bound bacteria and viruses into the water column during sediment resuspension also represents a risk to water quality. In conclusion, our poor process level understanding of viral/bacterial-sediment interactions combined with methodological challenges is limiting the accurate source apportionment and quantitative microbial risk assessment for pathogenic organisms associated with sediments in aquatic environments

Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, $(\sec \theta)_\mathrm{max}$, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above $3 \times 10^{18}$ eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modelling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from $(\sec \theta)_\mathrm{max}$.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO