Taxonomical study of the genus Koelpinia Pallas (Asteraceae) in Iraq

The present research deals with the unique species in genus of Koelpinia Pallas which is Koelpinia linearis Pall In Iraq. The morphological characters of stems, leaves, flowers and bracts were found to be important value to separate this species from other genera of Asteraceae.  The anatomy of stem and leaves characters were found to be of diagnostic value for the genus. Koelpinia linearis has Tricolporate and without distinct lacunae pollen grains, and distributing in central and southern Iraq , and growing in sandy loam soi

Ecological and Geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq

The present research deal with ecological and geographical distribution of species and genera of Primulaceae in Iraq. The results were revealed that species distributed in the north , north-east and west of Iraq. Anagallis arvensis L. is the most prevalent species tolerant to different environmental conditions, while the species of Primula L. characterized as less widespread and limited in one District. In addition, the districts Rawanduz (MRO) and Sulaymaniyah (MSU) have ranked first in distribution of the species on geographical districts with (75%), while the districts southern desert (DSD) and Basra (LBA) in last place with (16.7%). Maps for geographical distribution for all species were illustrated