A revised estimate of the distance to the clouds in the Chamaeleon complex using the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution

The determination of the distance to dark star-forming clouds is a key parameter to derive the properties of the cloud itself, and of its stellar content. This parameter is still loosely constrained even in nearby star-forming regions. We want to determine the distances to the clouds in the Chamaeleon-Musca complex and to explore the connection between these clouds and the large scale cloud structures in the galaxy. We use the newly estimated distances obtained from the parallaxes measured by the Gaia satellite and included in the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution catalog. When known members of a region are included in this catalog we use their parallaxes to infer the distance to the cloud. Otherwise, we analyze the dependence of the color excess on the distance of the stars and look for a turn-on of this excess, which is a proxy of the position of the front-edge of the star-forming cloud. We are able to measure the distance to the three Chamaeleon clouds. The distance to Chamaeleon I is 179 pc, 20 pc further away than previously assumed. The Chamaeleon II cloud is located at the distance of 181 pc, which agrees with previous estimates. We are able to measure for the first time a distance to the Chamaeleon III cloud of 199 pc. Finally, the distance of the Musca cloud is smaller than 603 pc. These estimates do not allow us to distinguish between the possibility that the Chamaeleon clouds are part of a sheet of clouds parallel to the galactic plane, or perpendicular to it. Gaia Data Release 2 will allow us to put more stringent constraints on the distances to these clouds by giving us access to parallax measurements for a larger number of members of these regions.Comment: Accepted for publication on A&A. Abstract shortened for arxiv constraint

Gaia view of low-mass star formation

Understanding how young stars and their circumstellar disks form and evolve is key to explain how planets form. The evolution of the star and the disk is regulated by different processes, both internal to the system or related to their environment. The former include accretion of material onto the central star, wind emission, and photoevaporation of the disk due to high-energy radiation from the central star. These are best studied spectroscopically, and the distance to the star is a key parameter in all these studies. Here we present new estimates of the distance to a complex of nearby star-forming clouds obtained combining TGAS distances with measurement of extinction on the line of sight. Furthermore, we show how we plan to study the effects of the environment on the evolution of disks with Gaia, using a kinematic modelling code we have developed to model young star-forming regions.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. To appear in the Proceedings of IAU Symposium 330: Astrometry and Astrophysics in the Gaia Sk

State terrorism. The south of the American continent during the 1970s: A case of state terrorism transnationalization

Durante la década de 1970, por primera vez en la historia política del Cono Sur, se produjo la integración supranacional entre las distintas dictaduras de la región. Éstas intensificaron el accionar represivo estatal, poniendo en funcionamiento una maquinaria de guerra estatal contrarrevolucionaria, con un claro afán liquidacionista, que alcanzó una realización objetiva a través de la desaparición de personas y la diseminación del terror. Como resultante de ese proceso, que no conoció fronteras nacionales ni límites ideológicos, quedó la masiva violación a los derechos humanos; por otro lado y a partir de ello, en el campo de las ciencias sociales se empleó la conceptualización de terrorismo de Estado antes de que su precisión conceptual permitiera unicidad de criterios. Este artículo realiza una reflexión teórico conceptual para avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos específicos de aparición, expansión y transnacionalización del terrorismo de Estado. Se ejemplifica con el estudio concreto de la llamada Operación Cóndor, que demostró cabalmente la integración de las dictaduras de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y UruguayDuring the 1970s, for the first time in the political history of Southern Cone, a supranational integration between the various dictatorships in the region was established. Those dictatorships intensified state repressive action, by operating a counterrevolutionary war machinery of state, with a clear desire to liquidate the opposition that reached its objective through the disappearance of people and the spread of terror. A result of this process was the massive violation of human rights with no national or ideological boundaries. In the social sciences, the conceptualization of state terrorism was used before its conceptual precision allowed uniform criteria. This article contributes with a conceptual theoretical reflection to advance the understanding of the specific mechanisms of emergence, expansion and transnationalization of state terrorism. It is exemplified by the specific study of Operación Cóndor, which demonstrates the integration of the dictatorships of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Urugua

La Confederació Interamericana de Defensa del Continent (CIDC)

El objetivo central de esta investigación es analizar el rol que la Confederación Interamericana de Defensa del Continente desempeñó en la ejecución de una violencia racionalmente dirigida contra el comunismo. A pesar de la centralidad que dicha organización tuvo en esa embestida persecutoria, no existe, a día de hoy, ningún trabajo que la haya estudiado. Por ello, empleando un rico corpus documental recolectado de acervos públicos y privados de Argentina, Alemania, España, México y Estados Unidos, pretendemos dar cuenta de esta organización en la historia del continente americano durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Nos centraremos particularmente en cómo la Confederación se erigió en guardiana de la sociedad occidental y cristiana y contribuyó a configurar los criterios de entendimiento de la realidad de su tiempo en torno a la guerra a muerte contra el comunismo.The aim of this investigation is to analyze the role played by the Inter-American Confederation for Continental Defense (CIDC) in the execution of a direct rational violent against communism. Despiste the centrality that this organization had in this persecution, there is no work to date that has studied it. Therefore, using a rich documentary corpus, collected from public and private collections of Argentina, Germany, Spain, Mexico and the United States, we intend to account for this organization in the history of the American continent during the second half of the twentieth century. We will focus in particular on how the Confederation became the guardian of Western and Christian society, and helped to shape the criteria of understanding the reality of its time around the war against communism.L'objectiu central d'aquesta recerca és analitzar el rol que la Confederació Interamericana de Defensa del Continent va exercir en l'execució d'una violència racionalment dirigida contra el comunisme. Malgrat la centralitat que aquesta organització va tenir en aquesta envestida persecutòria, no existeix, a dia d'avui, cap treball que l'hagi estudiada. Per això, i tot emprant un ric corpus documental recol·lectat de patrimonis públics i privats d'Argentina, Alemanya, Espanya, Mèxic i Estats Units, pretenem retre compte d'aquesta organització en la història del continent americà durant la segona meitat del segle XX. Ens centrarem particularment en com la Confederació es va erigir en guardiana de la societat occidental i cristiana i va contribuir a configurar els criteris de comprensió de la realitat del seu temps entorn de la guerra a mort contra el comunisme

State Terrorism: South America during the 1970s. A case of State Terrorism Transnationalization

During the 1970s, for the first time in the political history of the Southern Cone, supranation-al integration between the different dictatorships of the region took place. These intensified state repressive action, putting into operation a counterrevolutionary state war machine with a clear desire for liquidation, which reached an objective realization through the disappear-ance of people and the spread of terror. As a result of this process, which knew no national boundaries or ideological boundaries, there was a massive violation of human rights; on the other hand, and from this, in the field of social sciences the conceptualization of State terror-ism was used before its conceptual precision allowed for unicity of criteria. This article pre-sents a theoretical conceptual reflection to advance the understanding of the specific mecha-nisms of the emergence, expansion and transnationalization of State terrorism. With the con-crete study of the Operation Condor, which fully demonstrated the integration of the dictator-ships of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay

Reynel, Andelot-Blancheville – Château de Reynel, Château de Montéclair

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 4890 Date de l'opération : 2004 (PI) La prospection inventaire réalisée sur le territoire de ces communes a permis de se rendre compte que la ville de Reynel a connu une croissance précoce, dès la fin du XIe s. Jean-Luc Fray a redéfini les critères de centralité pour savoir si une localité est attractive et détient un pouvoir de commandement sur un ensemble territorial plus ou moins large. En l'occurrence, Reynel compte au moins trois critères de ce..

Reynel, Andelot-Blancheville – Château de Reynel, Château de Montéclair

Identifiant de l'opération archéologique : 4890 Date de l'opération : 2004 (PI) La prospection inventaire réalisée sur le territoire de ces communes a permis de se rendre compte que la ville de Reynel a connu une croissance précoce, dès la fin du XIe s. Jean-Luc Fray a redéfini les critères de centralité pour savoir si une localité est attractive et détient un pouvoir de commandement sur un ensemble territorial plus ou moins large. En l'occurrence, Reynel compte au moins trois critères de ce..

Estimating Potential Infection Transmission Routes in Hospital Wards Using Wearable Proximity Sensors

Contacts between patients, patients and health care workers (HCWs) and among HCWs represent one of the important routes of transmission of hospital-acquired infections (HAI). A detailed description and quantification of contacts in hospitals provides key information for HAIs epidemiology and for the design and validation of control measures. We used wearable sensors to detect close-range interactions ("contacts") between individuals in the geriatric unit of a university hospital. Contact events were measured with a spatial resolution of about 1.5 meters and a temporal resolution of 20 seconds. The study included 46 HCWs and 29 patients and lasted for 4 days and 4 nights. 14037 contacts were recorded. The number and duration of contacts varied between mornings, afternoons and nights, and contact matrices describing the mixing patterns between HCW and patients were built for each time period. Contact patterns were qualitatively similar from one day to the next. 38% of the contacts occurred between pairs of HCWs and 6 HCWs accounted for 42% of all the contacts including at least one patient, suggesting a population of individuals who could potentially act as super-spreaders. Wearable sensors represent a novel tool for the measurement of contact patterns in hospitals. The collected data provides information on important aspects that impact the spreading patterns of infectious diseases, such as the strong heterogeneity of contact numbers and durations across individuals, the variability in the number of contacts during a day, and the fraction of repeated contacts across days. This variability is associated with a marked statistical stability of contact and mixing patterns across days. Our results highlight the need for such measurement efforts in order to correctly inform mathematical models of HAIs and use them to inform the design and evaluation of prevention strategies