Wind Pressure Distribution on Trough Canopy Roofs

Wind tunnel experiments are carried out to obtain the wind pressure distribution on trough canopy roof. The model made of Perspex sheet at a scale of 1:100 is tested in open circuit wind tunnel under boundary layer flow. Effects of wind incidence angle are studied y changing wind angle. Values of wind pressure coefficients are calculated from the values of wind pressures measured at numerous pressure points on upper and lower surfaces of the trough roof and are reported in the form of cross sectional variation of pressure coefficient and pressure contours. It is observed that the wind pressure distribution on the trough canopy roof is highly influenced by incident wind direction

Wind Induced Pressure on ‘E’ Plan Shaped Tall Buildings

The present study demonstrates the pressure distribution on various faces of ‘E’ plan shaped tall buildings under wind excitation. Experimental and analytical studies were carried out using wind angles varying from 0° to 180° with an interval of 30°. The experimental study was conducted by open circuit boundary layer wind tunnel; whereas the analytical study was conducted with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique using ANSYS CFX software package using k-ε turbulence model. A rigid model (made of perspex sheet) was used for wind tunnel test with a model scale of 1:300. Mean pressure coefficients of all the faces are found for all wind incidence angles and pressure contours are plotted on all the surfaces for 0° wind angles. Mean pressure coefficients are also calculated by CFD technique and the results have a good agreement with experimental results. Also, pressure contours on all the faces for a 0° wind angle are plotted and the contours are almost similar to those of experimental investigation. The flow pattern around the building model is also shown to understand the variation of pressures on different faces for a particular wind angle

Experimental Investigation of Surface Pressure on ‘+’ Plan Shape Tall Building

The variation in pressure distribution with change in wind orientation angle on different faces of a ‘+’ plan shape tall building is studied in this paper. Experiments have been carried out with a rigid model in a boundary layer wind tunnel for wind incidence angles of 0° and 45°. Peculiar pressure distributions on certain faces are observed. Moreover, drastic change in pressure distribution is observed for the two wind angles. Finally, the flow pattern around the model is computed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package ANSYS CFX in order to explain the variation in pressure on different faces

Effectiveness of Nebulized Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant Therapy (With Salbutamol) in the Management of Acute Asthma

Background: Although the treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department varies, the administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is usually recommended adjacent to corticosteroids and bronchodilators. This study aims to ascertain the influence of inhaled MgSO4 as complement treatment with salbutamol regarding treatment of urgent asthma exacerbations. Methods: A single-blind randomized control study was carried out, from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017, involving asthmatic patients presenting to Ziauddin Hospital and Jinnah Hospital in Karachi, with severe acute asthma exacerbations. The Sealed Envelope calculator was used to calculate a sample size of 84 patients, and data was collected through non-probability consecutive sampling. Both batches were administered salbutamol and ipratropium, with Batch A patients also receiving nebulization with MgSO4. Dyspnea, respiratory rate, pulse, peak expiratory flow rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded for each participant. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the effectiveness of MgSO4, as a significant means of improving asthma treatment, with a p<0.05 interpreted as significant. Results: A sum of 115 patients was included in the research, out of which 63.5% had a family history of asthma. Treatment with MgSO4 was seen as significant (p<0.01). MgSO4 administration showed significant improvement in mean pulse rate (p = 0.001), peak expiratory flow rate (p = 0.004) and mean respiratory rate (p = 0.003), as compared to treatment with salbutamol only. Conclusion: Treatment outcomes between the two groups differed significantly. Intervention with MgSO4 showed significant improvement in pulse rate, respiratory rate, dyspnea, and peak flow, without any observed side effects

Dissociation dynamics of host-guest interaction between substituted calix[4]-arene and 4-chloronitrobenzene

The inclusion complexation of upper rim substituted calix[4]arene with neutral 4-chloronitrobenzene has been studied by quantum-chemical and spectrophotometric measurements. The effect of varying temperature on the formation versus dissociation of the host-guest complex has been investigated. The formation of stable host-guest complexes is determined using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d) level of theory. The p-p interaction based dissociation dynamics of the host-guest complex has been studied. In the host-guest interaction, a 1:1 complex stoichiometry is observed. The low activation energy of dissociation, obtained from the MD simulations, indicates that the complex formation equilibrium is thermodynamically controlled

Caucasian and Asian Specific Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Loci Reveal Limited Replication and Apparent Allelic Heterogeneity in North Indians

Genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis indicate that several genes/loci are consistently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in European and Asian populations. To evaluate the transferability status of these findings to an ethnically diverse north Indian population, we performed a replication analysis. We investigated the association of 47 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 43 of these genes/loci with RA in a north Indian cohort comprising 983 RA cases and 1007 age and gender matched controls. Genotyping was done using Infinium human 660w-quad. Association analysis by chi-square test implemented in plink was carried out in two steps. Firstly, association of the index or surrogate SNP (r2>0.8, calculated from reference GIH Hap-Map population) was tested. In the second step, evidence for allelic/locus heterogeneity at aforementioned genes/loci was assessed for by testing additional flanking SNPs in linkage equilibrium with index/surrogate marker

Emergence of Anthrax Edema Toxin as a Master Manipulator of Macrophage and B Cell Functions

Anthrax edema toxin (ET), a powerful adenylyl cyclase, is an important virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis. Until recently, only a modest amount of research was performed to understand the role this toxin plays in the organism’s immune evasion strategy. A new wave of studies have begun to elucidate the effects this toxin has on a variety of host cells. While efforts have been made to illuminate the effect ET has on cells of the adaptive immune system, such as T cells, the greatest focus has been on cells of the innate immune system, particularly the macrophage. Here we discuss the immunoevasive activities that ET exerts on macrophages, as well as new research on the effects of this toxin on B cells

Measurements of branching fraction ratios and CP-asymmetries in suppressed B^- -> D(-> K^+ pi^-)K^- and B^- -> D(-> K^+ pi^-)pi^- decays

We report the first reconstruction in hadron collisions of the suppressed decays B^- -> D(-> K^+ pi^-)K^- and B^- -> D(-> K^+ pi^-)pi^-, sensitive to the CKM phase gamma, using data from 7 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. We reconstruct a signal for the B^- -> D(-> K^+ pi^-)K^- suppressed mode with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations, and measure the ratios of the suppressed to favored branching fractions R(K) = [22.0 \pm 8.6(stat)\pm 2.6(syst)]\times 10^-3, R^+(K) = [42.6\pm 13.7(stat)\pm 2.8(syst)]\times 10^-3, R^-(K)= [3.8\pm 10.3(stat)\pm 2.7(syst]\times 10^-3, as well as the direct CP-violating asymmetry A(K) = -0.82\pm 0.44(stat)\pm 0.09(syst) of this mode. Corresponding quantities for B^- -> D(-> K^+ pi^-)pi^- decay are also reported.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted by Phys.Rev.D Rapid Communications for Publicatio

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO