9,793 research outputs found
Event-Triggered Estimation of Linear Systems: An Iterative Algorithm and Optimality Properties
This report investigates the optimal design of event-triggered estimation for
first-order linear stochastic systems. The problem is posed as a two-player
team problem with a partially nested information pattern. The two players are
given by an estimator and an event-trigger. The event-trigger has full state
information and decides, whether the estimator shall obtain the current state
information by transmitting it through a resource constrained channel. The
objective is to find an optimal trade-off between the mean squared estimation
error and the expected transmission rate. The proposed iterative algorithm
alternates between optimizing one player while fixing the other player. It is
shown that the solution of the algorithm converges to a linear predictor and a
symmetric threshold policy, if the densities of the initial state and the noise
variables are even and radially decreasing functions. The effectiveness of the
approach is illustrated on a numerical example. In case of a multimodal
distribution of the noise variables a significant performance improvement can
be achieved compared to a separate design that assumes a linear prediction and
a symmetric threshold policy
Survey of Photovoltaic Industry and Policy in Germany and China
As building-integrated photovoltaic (PV) solutions can meet around one-third of electricity demand in Germany and China, both countries are interested in exploring this potential. PV technologies have demonstrated significant price reductions, but large-scale global application of PV requires further technology improvements and cost reductions along the value chain. We analyze policies in Germany and China, including deployment support, investment support for manufacturing plants and R&D support measures, and we survey the industrial actors they can encourage to pursue innovation. While deployment support has been successful, investment support for manufacturing in these nations has not been sufficiently tied to innovation incentives, and R&D support has been comparatively weak. The paper concludes with a discussion of the opportunities for global policy coordination.Photovoltaics, Technology Policy, Innovation, Investment Support
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