Modify Speck-SHA3 (SSHA) for data integrity in WoT networking based on 4-D chaotic system

WoT has become one of the important fields that accompanied the development of technology in the present day, so that its income in all areas of work, including (industrial, agricultural, medical, industrial, etc.). This proliferation generated fears among users of the growing use of WoT without providing safe ways to preserve the information generated by its devices. So, many ways to maintain the security of data as well as integrity, through the use of light weight speed algorithms to encrypt and to validate the parameters that may be used in this area. In the field of information authentication, many algorithms have emerged that help to ensure the authenticity of information generated when sent from physical sensors to the user environment. These include SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3, etc. In WoT, the speed of encryption and authentication must be an important requirement and a duty to ensure the validity of the information and to continue monitoring the data. Therefore, providing fast algorithms is an important requirement to be provided with WoT. In this paper, a modification of the SHA-3 algorithm will be introduced by replacing the KECCAK function with another very fast algorithm which is SPECK which is produced a very fast algorithm with a reliable strong level of security in the data validation process produced by sensors. Also, the extended logistic system will be used to generate the initial values that the SHA3 algorithm uses to make these values unknown and which the intruder cannot guess or recognize

A new intelligent hybrid encryption algorithm for IoT data based on modified PRESENT-Speck and novel 5D chaotic system

Modern application based on IoT sensors/devices are growth in several fields. In several cases, the sensing data needs to be secure in transmission to control / administrator side. In this paper, the proposed secure Internet of Things data sensing and proposed algorithms will be explained, based on the main overarching novel 5-D Hyper chaotic system and new encryption mechanisms (contains hybrid encryption and two modified encryption algorithms) controlled by Fuzzy rules. The encryption mechanism combined by using the structure of PRESENT and SPECK algorithm with novel 5-D chaotic system. Also, for encryption will use the modified mechanisms of Round steps in PRESENT algorithm by SPEECK which were adopted on an IoT sensing data transferring. This proposed system provides a high level of security for any sensitive information that may be generated from sensors that may be installed in an important location to protect buildings and offices from theft by making certain modifications to the algorithms necessary to maintain the safety and security of the information, etc., which must be protected from Attacks. This system is designed to be effective in providing security features for data contents that include confidentiality, authentication and non-repudiation, and is compatible with all types of remote sensing data and sensors to send the final notification to the final administrator view. The proposed system is designed to provide users with high flexibility and ease in managing change operations, speeding up encryption operations and intruding the contents of message packets (types and forms of different sensor data) at the point of origin and decrypting and checking packet integrity messages upon receipt. These features make users of this system more confident with each other. The proposed encryption mechanism and novel chaotic system passed different testes. The generated chaos key space at least 22560probable different combinations of the secret keys to break the system used brute force attack

HIGH-LOW VOLTAGE RISK PREVENTION OF UAV ELECTRICAL GENERATION SYSTEM BASED BUCK- BOOST INVERTER

ABSTRAC

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Determination the concentration for uranium in phosphrous fertilizers by using nuclear track detector CR-39

The aim of this research was to study the concentrations of Uranium in the phosphorus fertilizers using Nuclear track detector (CR-39). Our present investigation is based on the study of 10 types samples for different kinds of phosphorus fertilizers which were available in the local market Some of them were Iraqi made and the others from different countries like, (Iran, Italy, Holland, Lebanon and Jordan) .. The result obtained shows that the Uranium concentration in phosphorus fertilizers samples varies from (3.59ppm) to(2.59ppm). Based on the radioactive concentration of Uranium in the samples all the results obtained between(3.59ppm) in the Iraqi super phosphate to (2.59ppm) in the mixture Iraqi phosphate fertilizer are within the international levels as given by IAEA (International atomic Energy Agency) date if compares that equal by 12ppm

EAMSA 512: New 512 Bits Encryption Al-gorithm Based on Modified SALSA20

This paper presents the 512-bit encryption algorithm based on modified SALSA20 using an 11-dimensional chaotic system used for generating the keys for the proposed encryption algorithm. Chaotic keys are derived from a combination of two systems, one with six dimensions and the other with five. These keys are used in different operations like shifting, Xoring, and encryption steps in the new proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm consists of a combination of two parallel parts: Salsa20 and S boxes with chaos keys. The proposed system takes 512 bits of the plaintext, which will be split into two 256-bit parts, the left part encrypted with modified salas20 and the chaos keys, and the right 256-bit part encrypted using eight 8x8 s-boxes and the chaos keys. The results are swapped and combined, and this operation is repeated for 16 rounds to get the cipher text. The testing of EAMSA 512bit using various tests demonstrates the algorithm's strength and security, as well as its ability to avoid many attacks with lightweight processin

Molecular modeling investigation on mechanism of diazinon pesticide removal from water by single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes

In this study, the mechanism of diazinon adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), as well as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), was investigated using molecular modelling. Determination of the lowest energy sites of different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was demonstrated. The adsorption site locator module was used for this purpose. It was found that the 5-walled CNTs are the best MWNTs for diazinon elimination from water due to their higher interactions with diazinon. In addition, the adsorption mechanism in SWNT and MWNTs was determined to be wholly adsorption on the lateral surface. It is because the geometrical size of diazinon molecules is larger than the inner diameter of SWNT and MWNTs. Furthermore, the contribution of diazinon adsorption on the 5-wall MWNTs was the highest, for the lowest diazinon concentration in the mixture