Case series on uterine rupture depicting the atypical presentations in the labour room

Uterine rupture is the complete division of all the three layers of uterus. Most uterine ruptures occur during labor in pregnant women, most commonly seen in previously scarred myometrium. Consequences of uterine rupture depend on the time between diagnosis of uterine rupture and intervention, and can be as grave as fetal and maternal death. Vigilance and avid action by the obstetrician can lead to better outcomes. Case 1 represented a 28-year-old moderately anemic G4P2L2A1 having previous 2 LSCS at POG 39 weeks 1 day presented in COVID emergency in active labour and was found to have a uterine scar rupture (5 cm rent) extending towards bladder wall with shoulder presenting on rent. A live female baby with thick meconium staining was delivered and uterine repair along with bilateral tubectomy was performed. Case 2 represented a 21-year-old primigravida with breech presentation at a gestation of 34 weeks 6 days with preterm labour pains who had been referred to our centre. Decision for LSCS was taken and on entering the abdomen rupture uterus with an inverted T-shaped rent in the upper segment extending up to the fundus was seen. A stillborn male fetus was delivered through the rent, followed by successful uterine repair. In spite of massive blood loss, the mother had survived. Case 3 represented a 30-year-old grand multipara at a gestation of 38 weeks 3 days with ultrasound documented fetal demise with fetal hydrocephalus and holoprosencephaly with labour pains was taken up for laparotomy due to suspicion of uterine rupture based on examination findings. Intra-operatively, baby was found lying in the peritoneal cavity with an unsalvageable uterus with a rupture in lower uterine segment and left lateral wall extending upto round ligament above and cervix below. A stillborn male fetus was delivered and peripartum subtotal hysterectomy with left salpingoophorectomy and right salpingectomy was done with a good maternal outcome. The above series suggest that the signs and symptoms of uterine rupture are usually variable and nonspecific, hence posing a challenge for the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and timely intervention by the obstetrician, can help us to improve the fetal and maternal outcome drastically

Evaluating Knowledge, Awareness and Behaviour Among Dental Interns Regarding Ergonomics in Dentistry: A Cross-Sectional Survey

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the main reasons that force dentists to retire early from their practice. AIM: To assess the knowledge, awareness and behaviour among dental Interns in central and southern India regarding Ergonomics in DentistryMATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study collected data using a questionnaire (pre-tested and pre-validated) amongst dental interns studying in various dental colleges in and around Central India. Participation in the study was voluntary and the questionnaire was divided into 4 sections with a total of 22 close ended questions. Data was anlayzed using SPSS version 21.0; descriptive statistics were applied followed by the unpaired samples t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: The study consisted of 800 dentists, with most having fair knowledge (50.1%) and awareness (49.7%) regarding proper ergonomic posture (knowledge scores showed a significant statistical association). Most interns reported that they sometimes (41.5%) practiced dentistry ergonomically, while only 5.5% reported doing it always (significant difference, p=0.01*). A positive, linear, great strength of association (r: +0.7) and a significant relationship (p = 0.04) was found between knowledge and awareness scores using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. CONCLUSION: Dental awareness programmes are advised to educate dentists about the impending threat of MSDs if dentistry is not practiced ergonomically

Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithms for Neural Network Weight Distribution: A Classification Model for Parkinson\u27s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease is a degenerative neurological disorder with unknown origins, making it impossible to be cured or even diagnosed. The following article presents a Three-Layered Perceptron Neural Network model that is trained using a variety of evolutionary as well as quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms for the classification of Parkinson\u27s Disease. Optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and Bat Algorithm are studied along with their quantum-inspired counter-parts in order to identify the best suited algorithm for Neural Network Weight Distribution. The results show that the quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms perform better under the given circumstances, with qABC offering the highest accuracy of about 92.3%. The presented model can be used not only for disease diagnosis but is also likely to find its applications in various other fields as well

First measurement of the Hubble Constant from a Dark Standard Siren using the Dark Energy Survey Galaxies and the LIGO/Virgo Binary–Black-hole Merger GW170814

International audienceWe present a multi-messenger measurement of the Hubble constant H 0 using the binary–black-hole merger GW170814 as a standard siren, combined with a photometric redshift catalog from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The luminosity distance is obtained from the gravitational wave signal detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) on 2017 August 14, and the redshift information is provided by the DES Year 3 data. Black hole mergers such as GW170814 are expected to lack bright electromagnetic emission to uniquely identify their host galaxies and build an object-by-object Hubble diagram. However, they are suitable for a statistical measurement, provided that a galaxy catalog of adequate depth and redshift completion is available. Here we present the first Hubble parameter measurement using a black hole merger. Our analysis results in , which is consistent with both SN Ia and cosmic microwave background measurements of the Hubble constant. The quoted 68% credible region comprises 60% of the uniform prior range [20, 140] km s−1 Mpc−1, and it depends on the assumed prior range. If we take a broader prior of [10, 220] km s−1 Mpc−1, we find (57% of the prior range). Although a weak constraint on the Hubble constant from a single event is expected using the dark siren method, a multifold increase in the LVC event rate is anticipated in the coming years and combinations of many sirens will lead to improved constraints on H 0

Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 in the second Advanced LIGO observing run with an improved hidden Markov model

We present results from a semicoherent search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass x-ray binary Scorpius X-1, using a hidden Markov model (HMM) to track spin wandering. This search improves on previous HMM-based searches of LIGO data by using an improved frequency domain matched filter, the J-statistic, and by analyzing data from Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In the frequency range searched, from 60 to 650 Hz, we find no evidence of gravitational radiation. At 194.6 Hz, the most sensitive search frequency, we report an upper limit on gravitational wave strain (at 95% confidence) of h095%=3.47×10-25 when marginalizing over source inclination angle. This is the most sensitive search for Scorpius X-1, to date, that is specifically designed to be robust in the presence of spin wandering. © 2019 American Physical Society

Erratum: “Searches for Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars at Two Harmonics in 2015–2017 LIGO Data” (2019, ApJ, 879, 10)

Due to an error at the publisher, in the published article the number of pulsars presented in the paper is incorrect in multiple places throughout the text. Specifically, "222" pulsars should be "221." Additionally, the number of pulsars for which we have EM observations that fully overlap with O1 and O2 changes from "168" to "167." Elsewhere, in the machine-readable table of Table 1 and in Table 2, the row corresponding to pulsar J0952-0607 should be excised as well. Finally, in the caption for Table 2 the number of pulsars changes from "188" to "187.

Searches for gravitational waves from known pulsars at two harmonics in 2015-2017 LIGO data

International audienceWe present a search for gravitational waves from 222 pulsars with rotation frequencies ≳10 Hz. We use advanced LIGO data from its first and second observing runs spanning 2015–2017, which provides the highest-sensitivity gravitational-wave data so far obtained. In this search we target emission from both the l = m = 2 mass quadrupole mode, with a frequency at twice that of the pulsar’s rotation, and the l = 2, m = 1 mode, with a frequency at the pulsar rotation frequency. The search finds no evidence for gravitational-wave emission from any pulsar at either frequency. For the l = m = 2 mode search, we provide updated upper limits on the gravitational-wave amplitude, mass quadrupole moment, and fiducial ellipticity for 167 pulsars, and the first such limits for a further 55. For 20 young pulsars these results give limits that are below those inferred from the pulsars’ spin-down. For the Crab and Vela pulsars our results constrain gravitational-wave emission to account for less than 0.017% and 0.18% of the spin-down luminosity, respectively. For the recycled millisecond pulsar J0711−6830 our limits are only a factor of 1.3 above the spin-down limit, assuming the canonical value of 1038 kg m2 for the star’s moment of inertia, and imply a gravitational-wave-derived upper limit on the star’s ellipticity of 1.2 × 10−8. We also place new limits on the emission amplitude at the rotation frequency of the pulsars

GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs

We present the results from three gravitational-wave searches for coalescing compact binaries with component masses above 1  M⊙ during the first and second observing runs of the advanced gravitational-wave detector network. During the first observing run (O1), from September 12, 2015 to January 19, 2016, gravitational waves from three binary black hole mergers were detected. The second observing run (O2), which ran from November 30, 2016 to August 25, 2017, saw the first detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral, in addition to the observation of gravitational waves from a total of seven binary black hole mergers, four of which we report here for the first time: GW170729, GW170809, GW170818, and GW170823. For all significant gravitational-wave events, we provide estimates of the source properties. The detected binary black holes have total masses between 18.6−0.7+3.2  M⊙ and 84.4−11.1+15.8  M⊙ and range in distance between 320−110+120 and 2840−1360+1400  Mpc. No neutron star-black hole mergers were detected. In addition to highly significant gravitational-wave events, we also provide a list of marginal event candidates with an estimated false-alarm rate less than 1 per 30 days. From these results over the first two observing runs, which include approximately one gravitational-wave detection per 15 days of data searched, we infer merger rates at the 90% confidence intervals of 110−3840  Gpc−3 y−1 for binary neutron stars and 9.7−101  Gpc−3 y−1 for binary black holes assuming fixed population distributions and determine a neutron star-black hole merger rate 90% upper limit of 610  Gpc−3 y−1

GW190425 : observation of a compact binary coalescence with total mass ~ 3.4 M o

On 2019 April 25, the LIGO Livingston detector observed a compact binary coalescence with signal-to-noise ratio 12.9. The Virgo detector was also taking data that did not contribute to detection due to a low signal-to-noise ratio, but were used for subsequent parameter estimation. The 90% credible intervals for the component masses range from to if we restrict the dimensionless component spin magnitudes to be smaller than 0.05). These mass parameters are consistent with the individual binary components being neutron stars. However, both the source-frame chirp mass and the total mass of this system are significantly larger than those of any other known binary neutron star (BNS) system. The possibility that one or both binary components of the system are black holes cannot be ruled out from gravitational-wave data. We discuss possible origins of the system based on its inconsistency with the known Galactic BNS population. Under the assumption that the signal was produced by a BNS coalescence, the local rate of neutron star mergers is updated to 250-2810