Efectos inmediatos y tras almacenaje del recubrimiento con boro de semillas de algodón

Se presentan los resultados de la evaluación de la calidad fisiológica de las semillas de algodón tras su recubrimiento con un material compuesto basado en boro. Para el tratamiento de las semillas se ha empleado el producto comercial Jel Fertil® como fuente de boro, junto con un insecticida y un fungicida en una matriz polimérica. Se han ensayado 4 dosis distintas (0,05, 0,10, 0,20 y 0,30 mL·kg-1 de semillas). La calidad de las semillas y el rendimiento de las plántulas se han evaluado antes y después del almacenaje mediante diferentes determinaciones y parámetros: prueba de germinación, primer recuento de germinación, prueba de envejecimiento acelerado, longitud de plántula, longitud de la parte aérea, longitud radicular, prueba de emergencia de campo, índice de velocidad de emergencia, contenido de agua, peso seco de la parte aérea, peso seco radicular y altura de planta. El recubrimiento con el material compuesto no ha afectado negativamente a la calidad fisiológica de las semillas, ni antes ni después del almacenamiento. De hecho, las semillas recubiertas tienden a comportarse mejor que las semillas desnudas. La inclusión de boro en el compuesto de recubrimiento no produce un efecto inmediato sobre la germinación, el vigor y la aparición de semillas, pero sí un efecto beneficioso en el peso seco de la parte aérea antes del almacenamiento, y en las longitudes de la parte aérea y radicular. Después de cuatro meses de almacenamiento, el recubrimiento de polímero ha mantenido su efectividad insecticida y fungicida. Las concentraciones de boro utilizadas en el experimento no han dado lugar a síntomas visuales de toxicidad

AUTOMATIC METHOD FOR GLAUCOMA CLASSIFICATION USING TEXTURE ANALYSIS, XGBOOST AND GRID SEARCH

Glaucoma is an irreversible pathology, generated by increased intraocular pressure. Early detection is critical and can pre- vent total vision loss. Clinical examinations are commonly used to detect the disease. Still, the time and cost of identi- fication is quite high. This paper presents a computational methodology that aims to assist specialists in the discov- ery of glaucoma through Computer Vision techniques. The proposed methodology consists in the application of several texture descriptors combined with a parameter optimiza- tion done through Grid search with the XGBoost classifier. A result was obtained with accuracy of 82.37% and ROC of 82.08%

BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L Performance of Soybean Seedlings Upon Nutrient Application by Seed Coating

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different seed coatings consisting of various combinations of three nutrients (calcium, magnesium and silicon) on two soybean cultivars (BRS 243 RR and CD 233 R

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A reatividade negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na Hanseníase

Introdução: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, que devido às repercussões clínicas e aos dados epidemiológicos é considerada de notificação compulsória. Contudo, esse transtorno quando é precocemente identificado e adequadamente manejado, evita consideravelmente o círculo vicioso de contágio e as manifestações clínicas que tornam a doença tão alvo de estigma. Objetivo: Descrever a reação negativa oriunda da poliquimioterapia imposta na hanseníase. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, fundamentada nas plataformas do Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs e demais literaturas pertinentes ao tema, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: Reação Hansênica, Efeitos Adversos e Poliquimioterapia, no período de janeiro de 2023. Resultados e Discussão:  Atualmente, o protocolo terapêutico voltado para a Hanseníase é a poliquimioterapia e possui boa eficácia e tolerância pela maioria dos pacientes.  No advém, a minoria destes apresenta reações adversas que variam de leve a exacerbadas e que devem ser devidamente classificados e orientados para outras opções farmacológica, objetivando impedir que o paciente abandone o tratamento, junto às enormes repercussões oriundas deste, e propiciar melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Estima-se que o tratamento da Hanseníase é algo importante e indispensável para evitar problemas de saúde pública, mas este se baseia em uma alta carga associada de remédios potentes, a qual alguns portadores possuem sensibilidade e se orientados, podem continuar o tratamento até o alcance da cura.&nbsp

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost