Traversable Wormholes Construction in 2+1 Dimensions

We study traversable Lorentzian wormholes in the three-dimensional low energy string theory by adding some matter source involving a dilaton field. It will be shown that there are two-different types of wormhole solutions such as BTZ and black string wormholes depending on the dilaton backgrounds, respectively. We finally obtain the desirable solutions which confine exotic matter near the throat of wormhole by adjusting NS charge.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, JHEP style, one reference adde

Black hole thermodynamical entropy

As early as 1902, Gibbs pointed out that systems whose partition function diverges, e.g. gravitation, lie outside the validity of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) theory. Consistently, since the pioneering Bekenstein-Hawking results, physically meaningful evidence (e.g., the holographic principle) has accumulated that the BG entropy $S_{BG}$ of a $(3+1)$ black hole is proportional to its area $L^2$ ($L$ being a characteristic linear length), and not to its volume $L^3$. Similarly it exists the \emph{area law}, so named because, for a wide class of strongly quantum-entangled $d$-dimensional systems, $S_{BG}$ is proportional to $\ln L$ if $d=1$, and to $L^{d-1}$ if $d>1$, instead of being proportional to $L^d$ ($d \ge 1$). These results violate the extensivity of the thermodynamical entropy of a $d$-dimensional system. This thermodynamical inconsistency disappears if we realize that the thermodynamical entropy of such nonstandard systems is \emph{not} to be identified with the BG {\it additive} entropy but with appropriately generalized {\it nonadditive} entropies. Indeed, the celebrated usefulness of the BG entropy is founded on hypothesis such as relatively weak probabilistic correlations (and their connections to ergodicity, which by no means can be assumed as a general rule of nature). Here we introduce a generalized entropy which, for the Schwarzschild black hole and the area law, can solve the thermodynamic puzzle.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in EPJ

Symmetric Hyperbolic System in the Self-dual Teleparallel Gravity

In order to discuss the well-posed initial value formulation of the teleparallel gravity and apply it to numerical relativity a symmetric hyperbolic system in the self-dual teleparallel gravity which is equivalent to the Ashtekar formulation is posed. This system is different from the ones in other works by that the reality condition of the spatial metric is included in the symmetric hyperbolicity and then is no longer an independent condition. In addition the constraint equations of this system are rather simpler than the ones in other works.Comment: 8 pages, no figure

On Aharonov-Casher bound states

In this work bound states for the Aharonov-Casher problem are considered. According to Hagen's work on the exact equivalence between spin-1/2 Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects, is known that the $\boldsymbol{\nabla}\cdot\mathbf{E}$ term cannot be neglected in the Hamiltonian if the spin of particle is considered. This term leads to the existence of a singular potential at the origin. By modeling the problem by boundary conditions at the origin which arises by the self-adjoint extension of the Hamiltonian, we derive for the first time an expression for the bound state energy of the Aharonov-Casher problem. As an application, we consider the Aharonov-Casher plus a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We derive the expression for the harmonic oscillator energies and compare it with the expression obtained in the case without singularity. At the end, an approach for determination of the self-adjoint extension parameter is given. In our approach, the parameter is obtained essentially in terms of physics of the problem.Comment: 11 pages, matches published versio

Human sepsis-associated Escherichia coli (SEPEC) is able to adhere to and invade kidney epithelial cells in culture

The adhesins of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are essential for mediating direct interactions between the microbes and the host cell surfaces that they infect. Using fluorescence microscopy and gentamycin protection assays, we observed that 49 sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC) strains isolated from human adults adhered to and invaded Vero cells in the presence of D-mannose (100%). In addition, bacteria concentrations of approximately 2 x 10(7) CFU/mL were recovered from Vero cells following an invasion assay. Furthermore, PCR analysis of adhesin genes showed that 98.0% of these SEPEC strains tested positive for fimH, 69.4% for flu, 53.1% for csgA, 38.8% for mat, and 32.7% for iha. Analysis of the invasin genes showed that 16.3% of the SEPEC strains were positive for tia, 12.3% for gimB, and 10.2% for ibeA. Therefore, these data suggest that SEPEC adhesion to cell surfaces occurs through non-fimH mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of microcolonies on the Vero cell surface. SEPEC invasiveness was also confirmed by the presence of intracellular bacteria, and ultrastructural analysis using electron transmission microscopy revealed bacteria inside the Vero cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that these SEPEC strains had the ability to adhere to and invade Vero cells. Moreover, these data support the theory that renal cells may be the predominant pathway through which SEPEC enters human blood vessels.41742

Resolution of dark matter problem in f(T) gravity

In this paper, we attempt to resolve the dark matter problem in f(T) gravity. Specifically, from our model we successfully obtain the flat rotation curves of galaxies containing dark matter. Further, we obtain the density profile of dark matter in galaxies. Comparison of our analytical results shows that our torsion-based toy model for dark matter is in good agreement with empirical data-based models. It shows that we can address the dark matter as an effect of torsion of the space.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Pirfenidone safety and adverse event management in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Pirfenidone is one of two approved therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Randomised controlled clinical trials an

Amphibians Of Varzea Environments And Floating Meadows Of The Oxbow Lakes Of The Middle Purus River, Amazonas, Brazil

Despite the historical knowledge on amphibians of the Purus River basin, basic information on assemblages is fragmented, with gaps in knowledge existing at various scales, which limits conservation strategies. This study provides information on the composition, richness and abundance of the amphibian fauna in varzea environments and floating meadows of the oxbow lakes of the Middle Purus River between the Boca do Acre and Pauin´ı municipalities, Amazonas, Brazil. We sampled six oxbow lakes using forty-seven 200-meter transects, distributed among the “floating meadows,” “high varzea” and “low varzea,” from April to January 2014. We recorded 59 species, with the family Hylidae being predominant. This amphibian fauna represents approximately 19% of the species known for the Amazon, 28% for Amazonas State and 45% of the species recorded so far in the Purus River, increasing the richness of the basin to 132 species. Eight species were considered rare, and 29 are endemic to the Amazon. This study adds to the knowledge on the amphibian species of the Amazonian lowlands, including the expansion of known distributions, as well as increases the knowledge of several species that are locally rare, endemic and/or that are data deficient regarding distribution and ecology. © 2016, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP. All rights reserved.16

Internal Friction On Aisi 304 Stainless Steels With Low Tensile Deformations At Temperatures Between - 50 And 20 °c

Austenitic stainless steels specimens were deformed by tension in temperatures in the range of - 50 °C to 20 °C and 0.03 to 0.12 true strain, in order to obtain different volumetric fractions of ε (hexagonal close packed) and α′ (body centered cubic) strain induced martensites. The morphology, distribution and volumetric fractions of the martensites were characterized by metallography and dilatometry analysis and quantified by ferrite detector measurements. The damping behavior of specimens with different volumetric fractions of martensites was studied in an inverted torsion pendulum in the 40 °C to 400 °C range. The ε- and α′-martensites reversion was observed in the temperature range of 50 °C 200 °C and 500 °C 800 °C, respectively, by dilatometry. Internal friction curves in function of temperature of the deformed samples presented internal friction peaks. The first internal friction peak is related to sum of the amount of ε- and α′-martensites. For low deformations it aligns around 130 °C and it is related only to the ε → γ reverse transformation. The peak situated around 350 °C increases with the specimen degree of deformation and is, probably, related to the presence of α′/γ interfaces, and deformed austenite. Copyright © 2010 T. F. A. Santos and M. S. Andrade.2010Padilha, A.F., Rios, P.R., Decomposition of austenite in austenitic stainless steels (2002) ISIJ International, 42 (4), pp. 325-337Blanc, C., Lacombe, P., Baroux, B., Beranger, G., Mcanismes de dformation des aciers inoxydables austnitiques (1990) Les Aciers Inoxydables, pp. 611-617. , Courtaboeuf, France ditions de PhysiqueGuy, K., Butler, E.P., West, D.R.F., Epsilon and alpha prime martensite formation and reversion in austenitic stainless steels (1982) Journal de Physique, 43 (4), pp. 575-580Fischer, G.J., MacIag, R.J., Peckner, D., Bernstein, I.M., The wrought stainless steels (1977) Handbook of Stainless Steels, 1, pp. 11-19. , New York, NY, USA McGraw-HillMartins, L.F.M., Plaut, R.L., Padilha, A.F., Effect of carbon on the cold-worked state and annealing behavior of two 18wtCr-8wtNi Austenitic stainless steels (1998) ISIJ International, 38 (6), pp. 572-579Mangonon, L., Thomas, G., Martensite phases in 304 stainless steel (1970) Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 1 (6), pp. 1577-1586Baker, L.J., Parker, J.D., Daniel, S.R., The use of internal friction techniques as a quality control tool in the mild steel industry (2003) Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 143-144 (1), pp. 442-447Andrade, M.S., Gomes, O.A., Vilela, J.M.C., Serrano, A.T.L., Moraes, J.M.D., Formability evaluation of two austenitic stainless steels (2004) Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 26 (1), pp. 47-50Taylan, V., Wagoner, R.H., Lee, J.K., Formability of stainless steel (2006) Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 37, pp. 1875-1880De, A.K., Murdock, D.C., Mataya, M.C., Speer, J.G., Matlock, D.K., Quantitative measurement of deformation-induced martensite in 304 stainless steel by X-ray diffraction (2004) Scripta Materialia, 50 (12), pp. 1445-1449Petit, B., Gey, N., Cherkaoui, M., Bolle, B., Humbert, M., Deformation behavior and microstructure/texture evolution of an annealed 304 AISI stainless steel sheet. Experimental and micromechanical modeling (2007) International Journal of Plasticity, 23 (2), pp. 323-341De, A.K., Speer, J.G., Matlock, D.K., Murdock, D.C., Mataya, M.C., Comstock, Jr.R.J., Deformation-induced phase transformation and strain hardening in type 304 austenitic stainless steel (2006) Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 37 (6), pp. 1875-1886Ritchie, I.G., Mathew, P.M., Pan, Z.I., Osborne, C., Prikryl, J.K., Mechanical relaxation spectroscopy in steel wire research (1989) Wire Journal International, pp. 201-218Nowick, A.S., Berry, B.S., (1972) Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids, , New York, NY, USA Academic PressReed-Hill, R.E., (1992) Physical Metallurgy Principles, , Boston, Mass, USA PWS-KentShewmon, P., (1989) Diffusion in Solids, Minerals, , Philadelphia, Pa, USA Metals Materials SocietyYu, N., Koval, G.S., Firstov, J.V., Van Humbeeck, J., Delaey, L., Jang, W.Y., B 2 intermetallic compounds of Zr. new class of the shape memory alloys (1995) Journal of Physics, 5 (8), p. 1103Zenati, R., Bernard, C., Calmet, C., Guillemet, S., Fantozzi, G., Durand, B., Internal friction investigation of phase transformation in nearly stoichiometric LaMnO3+ (2005) Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 25 (6), pp. 914-935Perkins, J., (1975) Shape Memory Effects in Alloys, , San Diego, Calif, USA Metallurgical Society of AIMEBaraz, V.R., Grachev, S.V., Rol'Shchikov, L.D., Internal friction in non-stable austenitic steels (1972) Steel in the USSR, 2, pp. 670-672Talonen, J., Hnninen, H., Damping properties of austenitic stainless steels containing strain-induced martensite (2004) Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 35 (8), pp. 2401-2406Pinto, T.B., Gomes, O.A., Vilela, J.M.C., Andrade, M.S., Serrano, A.L., De Moraes, J.M.D., Relationship between internal friction and strain induced martensite amount in an AISI 304 stainless steel Proceedings of the 58th Annual International Congress of the Brazilian Association of Metallurgy and Materials July 2003 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 3137-3144ASTM Standard E-646, 1993Vilela, J.M.C., Oliveira, N.J.L., Andrade, M.S., Gonzalez, B.M., Santos, C.E.R., De Moraes, J.M.D., Metallographic analysis of stainless steels after deformation at different temperatures Proceedings of the 56th Annual International Congress of the Brazilian Association of Metallurgy and Materials 2001 Belo Horizonte, Brazil, pp. 510-519Santos, T.F.A., Andrade, M.S., Dilatometric evaluation of strain-induced martensite reversion in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel (2008) Matria, 13 (4), pp. 587-596Das, A., Tarafder, S., Experimental investigation on martensitic transformation and fracture morphologies of austenitic stainless steel (2009) International Journal of Plasticity, 25 (11), pp. 2222-2247Lo, K.H., Shek, C.H., Lai, J.K.L., Recent developments in stainless steels (2009) Materials Science and Engineering R, 65, pp. 39-104Gey, N., Petit, B., Humbert, M., Electron backscattered diffraction study of / ' martensitic variants induced by plastic deformation in 304 stainless steel (2005) Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 36 (12), pp. 3291-3299Humbert, M., Petit, B., Bolle, B., Gey, N., Analysis of the - ′ variant selection induced by 10 plastic deformation in 304 stainless steel at -60C (2007) Materials Science and Engineering A, 454-455, pp. 508-517Santos, T.F.A., Andrade, M.S., Castro, A.L.R., Influence of heating rate on the reversion of strain-induced martensite in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel (2009) Revista Escola de Minas, 62 (1), pp. 53-5

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results