Karakteristik Pembakaran Premixed Minyak Fame (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)

Advances in technology and the times have caused the human need for energy to increase. This condition has an impact on the availability of fuel oil which is decreasing and will run out. To anticipate and prevent these problems, new alternative energy sources are needed as a substitute for energy sources that cannot be replaced. One alternative energy is FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) oil. FAME is a type of fatty acid ester derived by transesterification of fats with methanol. This research was conducted to determine the combustion characteristics of premixed FAME oil in the form of flame temperature and combustion speed. The results of the study, the greater the equivalence ratio, the smaller the flame temperature and combustion speed. This is because less air is available to burn the fuel. On the other hand, the smaller the equivalence ratio, the higher the flame temperature and combustion speed. This is because more and more air is available to burn the fuel. And at the time of equivalence ratio = 0.96, combustion is rich in air and close to the stoichiometric combustion. The angle of fire obtained is directly proportional to the speed of combustion

Perbandingan Kadar Bilirubin Direk Pada Pengkonsumsi Alkohol Dan Yang Tidak Mengkonsumsi Alkohol

Consuming large and continuous amounts of alcohol can cause damage to the body's metabolic system. One of the body's metabolic systems that can be damaged by alcohol is the liver. Alcohol can damage liver cells and can cause various types of liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis can be identified from several types of liver function tests, one of which is by examining the levels of direct bilirubin in the serum. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in direct bilirubin levels in alcohol consumption and those who did not consume alcohol. The type of research used was an analytic observation with a case-control study design with 20 subjects who drank alcohol as a case group and 20 subjects who did not consume alcohol as a control group. Measurement of direct bilirubin levels using 24i biolis and unpaired t-test statistics was used to analyze differences in bilirubin levels in both groups. The results of examination of direct bilirubin levels in the case group showed that the average direct bilirubin level was 0.22 mg/dL and the average number in the control group was 0.15 mg/dL, whereas in the unpaired statistical test P value was obtained <0,05. These results showed that there were significant differences in direct bilirubin levels between the case group and the control group.Mengkonsumsi alkohol dalam jumlah yang besar dan terus-menerus, dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada sistem metabolisme tubuh. Salah satu sistem metabolisme tubuh yang dapat dirusak oleh alkohol adalah hati. Alkohol dapat merusak sel hati dan dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit hati, seperti sirosis hati. Sirosis hati dapat diketahui dari beberapa macam pemeriksaan fungsi hati, salah satunya dengan melakukan pemeriksaan kadar bilirubin direk dalam serum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengkaji perbedaan kadar bilirubin direk pada pengkonsumsi alkohol dan yang tidak mengkonsumsi alkohol. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik observasi dengan rancangan case control study dengan subjek penelitian peminum alkohol sebanyak 20 sebagai kelompok kasus dan 20 subjek penelitian yang tidak mengkonsumsi alkohol sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengukuran kadar bilirubin direk menggunakan alat biolis 24i dan uji statistik t tidak berpasangan digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar bilirubin pada kedua kelompok. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar bilirubin direk pada kelompok kasus menunjukkan rata-rata kadar bilirubin direk adalah 0,22 mg/dL dan jumlah rata-rata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 0,15 mg/dL, sedangkan pada uji statistik t tidak berpasangan diperoleh nilai P < 0,05. Hasil ini, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar bilirubin direk antara kelompok kasus dan kelompok kontrol

ANALISIS KESALAHAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA DALAM MATERI MATRIKS PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS SMA NEGERI 1 ENDE

This study aims to determine: (1) mistakes have been made by the XI IPS grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ende in solving matrix questions. (2) the factors that cause the XI IPS grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ende in solving the matrix problem. (3) the efforts to solve students' errors in solving matrix questions in class XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Ende. This study used a qualitative research approach using triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques. The research subjects were 15 students of class XI IPS 3. The consideration of subject taking is based on the results of the error analysis according to the Newmann procedure. Methods of data collection using diagnostic tests, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research are: (1) the types of student errors are errors in understanding the concept of matrix count operations, process errors in solving matrix problems, and errors in concluding. 2) the factors that cause student errors are, students, choose the wrong formula, are not careful in solving matrix calculation operation problems, students are afraid to ask the teacher, and students' assumptions that mathematics is complicated, causing errors in determining the final answer. 3) while the efforts made were learning using rainbow matrix media which proved to be effective in learning matrix count operations

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PROYEK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek untuk meningkatkan kreativitas siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kajian literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan artikel nasional sesuai fokus kajian, pada tahun 2017-2023. Data dianalisis dengan tiga tahapan yaitu organize, synthesize, dan identify. Hasil kajian ini diperoleh 15 artikel sesuai dengan fokus kajian, yang menyatakan berbagai model pembelajaran berbasis proyek mampu meningkatkan kreativitas siswa SD. Dari berbagai pengujian model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang telah dikaji menyatakan pengemasan proyek disesuai dengan tingkat perkembangan dan karakteristik siswa di sekolah, sehingga proyek yang dilakukan mampu mendongkrak kreativitas siswa

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia during pregnancy in women with heart disease: Data from the ROPAC, a registry from the European Society of Cardiology

Objectives: To describe the incidence, onset, predictors and outcome of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) in pregnant women with heart disease. Background: VTA during pregnancy will cause maternal morbidity and even mortality and will have impact on fetal outcome. Insufficient data exist on the incidence and outcome of VTA in pregnancy. Methods and results: From January 2007 up to October 2013, 99 hospitals in 39 countries enrolled 2966 pregnancies in women with structural heart disease. Forty-two women (1.4%) developed clinically relevant VTA during pregnancy, which occurred mainly in the third trimester (48%). NYHA class > 1 before pregnancy was an independent predictor for VTA. Heart failure during pregnancy was more common in women with VTA than in women without VTA (24% vs. 12%, p = 0.03) and maternal mortality was respectively 2.4% and 0.3% (p = 0.15). More women with VTA delivered by Cesarean section than women without VTA (68% vs. 47%, p = 0.01). Neonatal death, preterm birth (< 37 weeks), low birthweight (< 2500 g) and Apgar score < 7 occurred more often in women with VTA (4.8% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.01; 36% vs. 16%, p = 0.001; 33% vs. 15%, p = 0.001 and 25% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: VTA occurred in 1.4% of pregnant women with cardiovascular disease, mainly in the third trimester, and was associated with heart failure during pregnancy. NYHA class before pregnancy was predictive. VTA during pregnancy had clear impact on fetal outcome

Introduction to bio-based materials and biotechnologies for eco-efficient construction

This chapter introduces some sustainability challenges, as well as the importance of resource efficiency and the European bioeconomy strategy. The importance of biobased materials and biotech admixtures for eco-efficient construction is summarized. The importance of changing the curriculum of civil engineering to address sustainability challenges and also enhance the collaboration between civil engineers and biotech experts is briefly discussed. Comments concerning the biobased and biotech related publication intensity of several well know civil engineering departments are also made. An outline of the book is also given

A new integral management model and evaluation method to enhance sustainability of renewable energy projects for energy and sanitation services

Autonomous systems based on the use of renewable energy (RE) have proven suitable for providing energy and sanitation services to isolated communities. However, most of these projects fail due to managerial weaknesses. Designing an appropriate management model is a key issue for sustainability and it is especially complex when includes different RE technologies. This paper is aimed at developing a novel management model for RE projects to provide energy and sanitation services with any kind of technology. Moreover, a new method to evaluate the sustainability is proposed regarding technical, economic, social/ethical, environmental and institutional/organisational dimensions. The case study of Pucara (Peru) is presented, in which a RE project with six different technologies was implemented and the integral community management model was designed in 2011. The project sustainability was evaluated in 2013 and results showed that the management model has succeeded to strengthen sustainability, especially in the institutional/organisational aspects.The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, which have helped to enhance this paper. The authors are grateful for all the assistance and support provided by Practical Action-ITDG from Peru.Lillo Rodrigo, P.; Ferrer-Martí, L.; Fernández-Baldor, Á.; Ramírez, B. (2015). A new integral management model and evaluation method to enhance sustainability of renewable energy projects for energy and sanitation services. Energy for Sustainable Development. 29:1-12. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2015.08.003S1122

MEDEAS: a new modeling framework integrating global biophysical and socioeconomic constraints

Producción CientíficaA diversity of integrated assessment models (IAMs) coexists due to the different approaches developed to deal with the complex interactions, high uncertainties and knowledge gaps within the environment and human societies. This paper describes the open-source MEDEAS modeling framework, which has been developed with the aim of informing decision-making to achieve the transition to sustainable energy systems with a focus on biophysical, economic, social and technological restrictions and tackling some of the limitations identified in the current IAMs. MEDEAS models include the following relevant characteristics: representation of biophysical constraints to energy availability; modeling of the mineral and energy investments for the energy transition, allowing a dynamic assessment of the potential mineral scarcities and computation of the net energy available to society; consistent representation of climate change damages with climate assessments by natural scientists; integration of detailed sectoral economic structure (input–output analysis) within a system dynamics approach; energy shifts driven by physical scarcity; and a rich set of socioeconomic and environmental impact indicators. The potentialities and novel insights that this framework brings are illustrated by the simulation of four variants of current trends with the MEDEAS-world model: the consideration of alternative plausible assumptions and methods, combined with the feedback-rich structure of the model, reveal dynamics and implications absent in classical models. Our results suggest that the continuation of current trends will drive significant biophysical scarcities and impacts which will most likely derive in regionalization (priority to security concerns and trade barriers), conflict, and ultimately, a severe global crisis which may lead to the collapse of our modern civilization. Despite depicting a much more worrying future than conventional projections of current trends, we however believe it is a more realistic counterfactual scenario that will allow the design of improved alternative sustainable pathways in future work.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project CO2017-85110-R)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project JCI-2016–28833)MEDEAS project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment no. 691287.LOCOMOTION project, funded by the EuropeanUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeunder grant agreement no. 82110