Evolution of suitable type of bottom trawls for the medium size steel trawlers of Orissa Fisheries Department

This paper deals with the results of fishing operations conducted with conventional trawls of size 22.3 - 25.6 m and gear of 32 m long wing and bulged belly designed and developed at the Central Institute of Fishery Technology, from four medium size trawlers of Orissa Fisheries Department during 1970-71 and 1971-72 fishing seasons. By employing suitable and standard size gear there was proper utilisation of the engine power with resultant increase in the total landings of shrimps and bottom and off bottom fishes

An X-ray study of the reaction of calcium oxide and calcium chloride in the decomposition of monazite

This paper outlines a review of the structure of monazite, methods of its decomposition and results of an X-ray study of monazite before and after treatment with a mixture of calcium oxide and calcium chloride, in connection with the separation of phosphate from monazite. (Mr. K.N. Kartha, Junior Research Fellow, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur

Assessing Integenerational Programs through Market Research

Intergenerational is an adjective that describes something that involves or affects several generations. Intergenerational programs are programs which increase interaction and exchange between people of different generations. There are several benefits of intergenerational programs. Some include generating a sense of purpose for the older adults, reducing a sense of isolation for them, as well as members from each generation learning new skills. Most importantly, younger generations better understand the aging process and learn how to face their own aging more positively. As time progresses, more and more people are understanding the benefits and importance of intergenerational collaboration and as this happens, more programs are being implemented. Through my market research I have discovered many of these programs and have worked to document information about these programs. Some intergenerational programs are more effective than others. For example, a certain intergenerational program can better encourage collaboration resulting in it being beneficial for the participants, both young and old. There should be an accurate method in assessing the effectiveness of intergenerational programs. With a set process, hosts of intergenerational programs can modify their schedules to only hold the effectiveness of these programs, resulting in more beneficial outcomes to the participants.https://digitalcommons.imsa.edu/intern_reports_2020/1038/thumbnail.jp

Multi-omic investigation of the mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with molecular heterogeneity, locoregional spread, resistance to therapy and relapse after initial treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that master developmental pathways with key roles in adult tissue homeostasis, including Hippo and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, are dysregulated in the initiation and progression of HNSCC. However, a comprehensive investigation into the crosstalk between these pathways is currently lacking, and may prove crucial to the discovery of novel targets for HNSCC therapy. More recent evidence points to the tumor microenvironment, mainly comprising cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as capable of influencing tumor cell behavior and promoting invasive HNSCC phenotypes. Nonetheless, current methods to screen for CAF markers in tumors are restricted to targeted immunostaining experiments with limited success and robustness across tissue types. The Cancer Genome Atlas network has generated multi-tiered molecular profiles for over 10,000 tumors spanning more than two dozen different cancer types, providing an unprecedented opportunity for the application and development of integrative methods aimed at the in silico interrogation of experimentally-derived signatures. These multi-omic profiles further enable one to link genomic anomalies, including somatic mutations and DNA copy number alterations, with phenotypic effects driven by pathogenic pathway activity. Effectively querying this vast amount of information to help elucidate subsets of functionally and clinically-relevant oncogenic drivers, however, remains an ongoing challenge. To address these issues, I first investigate the effects of oncogenic pathway perturbation in HNSCC using experimental models coupled with in vitro genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Next, I describe a new computational approach for the unbiased identification of CAF markers in HNSCC solely using bulk tumor RNA-sequencing information. Lastly, I have developed Candidate Driver Analysis or CaDrA - a statistical framework that allows one to query genetic and epigenetic alterations for candidate drivers of signature activity within a given disease context. Collectively, this work offers new perspectives on the molecular cues underlying HNSCC development, while simultaneously highlighting the power of integrative genomics methods capable of accelerating the discovery of novel targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Experiments in fishing with shrimp trawls: on the standardisation of tickler chain

The communication deals with the results of experiments conducted off Gujarat coast for the standardisation of "Tickler chain" for shrimp trawls. Of the short link chains made of 3.2 mm, 4.8 mm and 6.2 mm rods the second was observed to increase the yield of shrimp in the net and without in any way adversely affecting the performance of the gear. The chains used had no influence on the fish catch

On the results of bottom-drift-long-lines operated off Veraval with particular reference to selective action of baits and hooks used

Hither to comprehensive data on the various types of baits used for capture of predatory fish and selective action of different hooks for bottom-drift-long lines is conspicuous by its absence. In the present studies attempts were made to evaluate the effectiveness of three types of baits and four sizes of hooks. Significant results obtained during the course of these investigations are presented in this communication

Treatment with TNF-α or bacterial lipopolysaccharide attenuates endocardial endothelial cell-mediated stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The endocardial endothelium that lines the inner cavity of the heart is distinct from the microvascular endothelial cells and modulates cardiac muscle performance in a manner similar to the vascular endothelial modulation of vascular structure and vasomotor tone. Although the modulatory effects of endocardial endothelium (EE) on cardiomyocytes are firmly established, the regulatory effects of endocardial endothelium on the cardiac interstitium and its cellular components remain ill defined.</p> <p>Methods and Results</p> <p>We investigated whether the stimulatory effect of EE on cardiac fibroblasts would be altered when EECs are activated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or the endotoxin bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both TNF-α and LPS were found to independently attenuate the stimulatory effect of EE on cardiac fibroblasts. These agents lowered the synthesis or release of ET-1 and increased the secretion of TGF-β and NO.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The findings of this study using endocardial endothelial cells (EECs) and neonatal cardiac fibroblasts demonstrate that pro-inflammatory cytokines cause altered secretion of paracrine factors by EECs and inhibit proliferation and lower collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. These changes may influence fibroblast response and extra cellular matrix remodeling in pathological conditions of the heart.</p

On the comparative efficiency of trawls made of cotton, polyethylene and combination of both the materials

The merits and demerits of cotton, polyethylene and combination of the two materials ascertained on the basis of cost, wear and tear, maintenance, total catch and qualitative analysis of the catch are discussed by making comparative fishing experiments with the three trawl gears made of these materials. The study can be concluded with a suggestion for switching over to polyethylene twisted monofilaments for better, in case of bottom trawls without in any way adversely affecting the catch of shrimps and at the same time for enhanced fish catch. Even though the combination net is found to be equal in efficiency as the polyethylene net this idea cannot be conveniently adopted from the point of view of economy

Intra-articular nerve growth factor regulates development, but not maintenance, of injury-induced facet joint pain & spinal neuronal hypersensitivity

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of the current study is to define whether intra-articular nerve growth factor (NGF), an inflammatory mediator that contributes to osteoarthritic pain, is necessary and sufficient for the development or maintenance of injury-induced facet joint pain and its concomitant spinal neuronal hyperexcitability.MethodMale Holtzman rats underwent painful cervical facet joint distraction (FJD) or sham procedures. Mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed in the forepaws, and NGF expression was quantified in the C6/C7 facet joint. An anti-NGF antibody was administered intra-articularly in additional rats immediately or 1 day following facet distraction or sham procedures to block intra-articular NGF and test its contribution to initiation and/or maintenance of facet joint pain and spinal neuronal hyperexcitability. NGF was injected into the bilateral C6/C7 facet joints in separate rats to determine if NGF alone is sufficient to induce these behavioral and neuronal responses.ResultsNGF expression increases in the cervical facet joint in association with behavioral sensitivity after that joint's mechanical injury. Intra-articular application of anti-NGF immediately after a joint distraction prevents the development of both injury-induced pain and hyperexcitability of spinal neurons. Yet, intra-articular anti-NGF applied after pain has developed does not attenuate either behavioral or neuronal hyperexcitability. Intra-articular NGF administered to the facet in naïve rats also induces behavioral hypersensitivity and spinal neuronal hyperexcitability.ConclusionFindings demonstrate that NGF in the facet joint contributes to the development of injury-induced joint pain. Localized blocking of NGF signaling in the joint may provide potential treatment for joint pain