CODE SWITCHING IN “HALUSTIK” MOVIE BY NIA DINATA, LUCKY KUSWANDI, AND ANDRI CHUNG

Code-switching (CS) nowadays has been used by youth as a daily language among them and reflected in the “Halustik” movie. The aims of the research are to find out the category of CS spoken by the speakers and to explore their communication intentions to switch from one code to another in the movie which depicts urban life among young people. In the movie, the casts speak and communicate in four languages (Indonesian, English, Javanese, and Sundanese). Qualitative research data were collected by identifying the CS utterances from words, phrases, clauses, and sentences spoken by the main casts/characters in the movie. Next, the data were categorized, selected based on the categories of CS, and classified based on communicative intentions. The findings show that intra-sentential CS (60%) was the most used category of CS, followed by tag CS (4%), and inter-sentential CS (36%). Concerning the communicative intentions by the speakers, they alternate the language into another language since they are intended to talking about a certain topic (60%), quoting someone's words (11%), feeling empathy for something (expressing solidarity) (4%), providing interjection (4%), giving repetition for clarification (7%), clarifying the content of speech to the interlocutor (9%), and expressing a group identity (4%). &nbsp

Recommender Systems

The ongoing rapid expansion of the Internet greatly increases the necessity of effective recommender systems for filtering the abundant information. Extensive research for recommender systems is conducted by a broad range of communities including social and computer scientists, physicists, and interdisciplinary researchers. Despite substantial theoretical and practical achievements, unification and comparison of different approaches are lacking, which impedes further advances. In this article, we review recent developments in recommender systems and discuss the major challenges. We compare and evaluate available algorithms and examine their roles in the future developments. In addition to algorithms, physical aspects are described to illustrate macroscopic behavior of recommender systems. Potential impacts and future directions are discussed. We emphasize that recommendation has a great scientific depth and combines diverse research fields which makes it of interests for physicists as well as interdisciplinary researchers.Comment: 97 pages, 20 figures (To appear in Physics Reports

The era of lustrous screen sirens lives on, thousands of miles from Hollywood: The cross-cultural reception of Chinese martial arts cinema's sword-wielding actresses

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Online Film in China

The most recent major sale of a US film company was announced at the beginning of November 2016: “Wanda buys Dick Clark Productions”.1 Who would have predicted this announcement ten years ago? The Chinese Dalian Wanda Group is about to buy Dick Clark Productions for about one billion USD; and with it the broadcasting rights to television programs that attract tens of millions of viewers every year: The Golden Globe Awards, the Academy of Country Music Awards and the New Year countdown celebrations in New York. The latter, with an estimated reach of more than a billion, has become an iconic image of New Year’s Eve festiv- ities

Protein Body Biogenesis and Utility in Recombinant Protein Production in Nicotiana benthamiana

Protein bodies (PBs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) derived organelles found in seeds whose function is to accumulate seed storage proteins. It was shown that PB formation is not limited to seeds, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to either elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), hydrophobin-I (HFBI) or Zera® fusion tags induces PBs in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. The mechanism by which fusion tags induce PBs is not well understood. To address how PBs form and develop in plant leaves, I studied the factors involved in their formation including recombinant protein concentration, effect of the fusion tags, PB sequestration patterns and destination in vivo. In this study I showed that PB formation is a concentration-dependent mechanism and that proteins accumulating at levels higher than 0.2% of total soluble protein are capable of inducing PBs in vivo. The presence of fusion tags is not necessary for the formation of PBs but affects their distribution pattern and size. ELP-induced PBs are larger than HFBI-induced PBs and the size of both PBs increases over time along with accumulation levels of the recombinant protein. I found that in the process of PB formation, secretory and ER resident molecules are passively sequestered into the lumen of PBs. This property of PBs was proposed as a tool to increase accumulation levels of erythropoietin and human interleukin-10 by co-expression with PB-inducing proteins. To understand whether PBs are terminally-stored cytosolic organelles or if they are connected to the ER and to each other, I developed an EGFP-based photoconversion technique, which was successfully used to visualize the trafficking of proteins targeted to the cytosol, ER, apoplast, and chloroplast in vivo. Study of PBs with this technique suggested that PBs remain associated with the ER and communicate with one another via the ER

Exploring Chinese audience’s responses toward American film representations of Chinese culture and people

This qualitative study focuses on the Chinese audience responses to Chinese media representations in American films. The goal of this project is to create a white paper that can be present to American film producers or potential movie investors who want to earn a bigger market share in China. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted among college students, addressing four research questions. Findings revealed that the participants in the focus group were able to identify and acknowledge the Chinese media representation and stereotypes in American feature films. Furthermore, most of the participants were positive towards Chinese elements incorporations and were capable of recognizing the motivations for doing so within the political economy of movie production. The participants were more active and insightful in elaborating on their ideas. Participants expressed their expectations and hopes for the future American films. They are willing to see more Chinese elements in the movies. However, the contents and the ways the Chinese elements and culture are portrayed deserve prudent considerations

Types and functions of code-switching in the English language used by the characters of Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie

Nowadays, people communicate to their interlocutor using lot languages. This aims to make it easier for their interlocutor to understand the intent of the speaker, without causing misunderstanding. Moreover, sophisticated technology encourages the progress of people to know each other between cities, countries, and continents. Language diversity makes people to learn English as access of communication. Code switching phenomenon is the one of the most interesting topics to discuss. Code switching can be found in ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’. This research found 2 problems, (1) what are the types of code switching used by the characters of ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’ and (2) what are the functions the characters switch their first language code to second language code. This study uses qualitative method in the phenomenon of code switching in ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’. Descriptive analysis can be found in textual conversation of the main characters through the script of ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’. An analyzes of code switching Indonesian-English are the most dominant language used to communicate in ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’. The data of this research is an implementation of movie transcription in the form of words, phrases, and sentences. Transcription was then analyzed by identifying types and functions of code switching. Finally, the identified result show the code switching contribution as the main advantages and pie chart show how dominant types and functions of code switching in the ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’. The researcher found all code switching consist 83 code-switching in ‘Ayat-Ayat Cinta 2 Movie’. The result of analysis (1) the researcher found the most dominant types of code switching is inter-sentential switching. From the types of code switching, the characters of the movie prefer to applay inter-sentential switching in their conversation. They tend to switch between two languages outside of sentence. (2) The researcher found the most dominant function of code switching is talking particular topic.They applied it to maintain their feelings in their conversation. They feel more comfortable to talk particular topic because they can express their emotions

The Correlation between Speaking and Grammar Ability of The Sixth Semester Students at English and Literature Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty of UIN Alauddin Makassar

The sixth semester students at English and Literature departement of Adab of UIN Alauddin Makassar have very good ability in speaking. The sixth semester students at English and Literature departement Adab of UIN Alauddin Makassar have very good in grammar ability. There is significant correlation between the students mastery on stucture and their speaking ability. Since the two variables correlates each other, it seems that the communicative approach implemented in English and Literature departement is sucssesful. The students who can master structure seems to be able to use this capability in performing speaking