Efectos diferenciales de la publicidad anti tabáquica en la respuesta emocional y actividad cerebral en consumidores y no consumidores de tabaco

Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

Emotional intelligence: A comparison between patients after first episode mania and those suffering from chronic bipolar disorder type i

Deficits in emotional intelligence (EI) were detected in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD), but little is known about whether these deficits are already present in patients after presenting a first episode mania (FEM). We sought (i) to compare EI in patients after a FEM, chronic BD and healthy controls (HC); (ii) to examine the effect exerted on EI by socio-demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables in FEM patients. Methods: The Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ) was calculated with the MayerSalovey-Caruso Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Performance on MSCEIT was compared among the three groups using generalized linear models. In patients after a FEM, the influence of socio-demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables on the EIQ was examined using a linear regression model. Results: 184 subjects were included (FEM n=48, euthymic chronic BD type I n=75, HC n=61). BD patients performed significantly worse than HC on the EIQ (Mean Difference MD=10.09, Standard Error SE=3.14, p=0.004) and on the Understanding emotions branch (MD=7.46, SE=2.53, p=0.010). FEM patients did not differ from HC and BD on other measures of MSCEIT. In patients after a FEM, EIQ was positively associated with female sex (β=-0.293, p=0.034) and verbal memory performance (β=0.374, p=0.008). FEM patients performed worse than HC but better than BD on few neurocognitive domains. Conclusions: Patients after a FEM showed preserved EI, while patients in later stages of BD presented lower EIQ, suggesting that impairments in EI might result from the burden of disease and neurocognitive decline, associated with the chronicity of the illness

Universal Patterns in Color-Emotion Associations Are Further Shaped by Linguistic and Geographic Proximity

Many of us "see red," "feel blue," or "turn green with envy." Are such color-emotion associations fundamental to our shared cognitive architecture, or are they cultural creations learned through our languages and traditions? To answer these questions, we tested emotional associations of colors in 4,598 participants from 30 nations speaking 22 native languages. Participants associated 20 emotion concepts with 12 color terms. Pattern-similarity analyses revealed universal color-emotion associations (average similarity coefficientr= .88). However, local differences were also apparent. A machine-learning algorithm revealed that nation predicted color-emotion associations above and beyond those observed universally. Similarity was greater when nations were linguistically or geographically close. This study highlights robust universal color-emotion associations, further modulated by linguistic and geographic factors. These results pose further theoretical and empirical questions about the affective properties of color and may inform practice in applied domains, such as well-being and design.Peer reviewe

The sun is no fun without rain : Physical environments affect how we feel about yellow across 55 countries

Across cultures, people associate colours with emotions. Here, we test the hypothesis that one driver of this cross-modal correspondence is the physical environment we live in. We focus on a prime example – the association of yellow with joy, – which conceivably arises because yellow is reminiscent of life-sustaining sunshine and pleasant weather. If so, this association should be especially strong in countries where sunny weather is a rare occurrence. We analysed yellow-joy associations of 6625 participants from 55 countries to investigate how yellow-joy associations varied geographically, climatologically, and seasonally. We assessed the distance to the equator, sunshine, precipitation, and daytime hours. Consistent with our hypotheses, participants who live further away from the equator and in rainier countries are more likely to associate yellow with joy. We did not find associations with seasonal variations. Our findings support a role for the physical environment in shaping the affective meaning of colour.Peer reviewe

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Exploring the mechanisms that underlie the crossmodal correspondences between shapes and tastes

This thesis consists of one theoretical chapter, three experimental chapters, and a final concluding chapter. Eight studies were conducted in total, two of these studies (studies 1-2, Chapter 2) evaluated whether visual aesthetic features (i.e., symmetry, curvature, and the number of elements) influenced how shapes and objects are matched to a valence and to a taste word (i.e., sweet or sour). The evidence reported in Chapter 2 demonstrates that symmetrical / asymmetrical, rounded / angular, and shapes with fewer / more elements are more likely to be matched with a positive / negative valance and to sweetness / sourness. The relationship between valence and shape-taste matching is discussed and challenged. Three different studies (studies 3-7, Chapter 3) analysed whether simple dots and lines that resemble facial features (i.e., eyes and mouth) could be associated with an emotional valence and an emotion, as well as to a specific taste word (i.e., sweet, sour, or bitter). The results reported in Chapter 3 confirm that it is possible to reduce a facial feature to its simplest form (i.e., a line and a dot) and still be associated with a specific valence and emotion. Furthermore, Study 7 demonstrates that dots and lines that resemble eyes and mouths can influence taste expectations (i.e., how sweet, sour, or bitter they predict a product will be). Chapter 4, comprises a short study that provides initial evidence that facial expressions of joy, disgust and anger can influence the perceived intensity of a taste (i.e., sweet, sour, and bitter). The role of embodied cognition in the crossmodal correspondences between shapes and tastes is discussed. Finally, in Chapter 5, the importance of associative learning, the role of evolution in our ability to detect patterns, and embodied cognition are presented as potential mechanisms that explain how it is that shapes are matched to tastes.</p

El tiempo de las madres y la relación con las prácticas de juego

31 páginasEl estudio busca explorar la relación entre el tiempo que las madres invierten en su hijo o hija durante el desarrollo temprano y su incidencia en actividades como son la escritura, pintura, lectura y deportes (v.g., prácticas de juego). Se utilizó la base de datos del Programa Inicio Parejo de la vida (IPV) y que comprende respuestas de madres derivadas de una serie de entrevistas, cuestionarios, de la tabla de Haizea-Llevant para realizar el proceso de screening y que a su vez genera un Índice de Desarrollo SocioCognitivo. Se aplicó un análisis de datos K de conglomerados jerárquicos para explorar la relación entre el tiempo de las madres y las prácticas de juego y el Índice de Desarrollo Socio-Cognitivo. De los 1177 participantes de la base IPV, 58 de ellos presentaron características, categorización, consistencia y estabilidad heterogénea con el resto de los participantes. Los resultados sugieren que el tiempo de las madres si tiene una relación tanto en las prácticas de juego como en el Índice de Desarrollo Socio-Cognitivo, en la mayoría de los participantes evaluados. No obstante existe la posibilidad de que un grupo heterogéneo de 58 participantes tenga una características, consistencias y estabilidad que puedan ser evaluadas con otro tipo de análisis de datos K no jerárquicos para futuras investigaciones.Maestría en PsicologíaMagíster en Psicologí

La educación a distancia y las nuevas tecnologías desde la perspectiva del modelo de formación cubano

Objective: This paper aims at examining distance education requirements from the theoretical and practical perspectives as viable organizing alternative for university education in pandemic-generated isolation conditions. Methods: The authors systematized Cuban pillars of Higher Education by reviewing pedagogical foundations and official documents formally designed for university regular courses to assess their pertinence in the conditions of distance education. Likewise, the authors rely on modeling for illustrating learning and preservice professional practice tasks in two university majors. Results: The authors devise three pillars for distance education task design supported by ICT. These pillars are the historical-cultural orientation, education in and for professional performance, and adapting curricular strategies to virtual university. Conclusions: Developing the university curriculum in pandemic-generated isolation condition demands to redesign curricular strategies and subject lesson plans following the universal laws and principles of Higher Education in Cuba.Objetivo: El artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis teórico y práctico de las condiciones en que se enfrenta actualmente la educación a distancia como alternativa ante la pandemia de Covid, desde la perspectiva de las exigencias del modelo de formación cubano que rige la organización de la Educación Superior en el país. Métodos: La sistematización teórica sustentada en la revisión documental y el análisis de contenido cualitativo condujeron a la consecución de inferencias y hallazgos que connotan pilares básicos de la Educación Superior cubana. Estos mantienen toda su vigencia y carácter regulador en el nuevo arreglo didáctico que demanda la adopción de la educación a distancia y el empleo de las nuevas tecnologías. Por su parte, la modelación fue empleada para la ejemplificación de actividades académicas y de la práctica preprofesional en dos carreras. Resultados: Se describen tres pilares básicos que regulan el diseño microcurricular en las nuevas condiciones mediadas por el empleo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Estos pilares son la orientación histórico cultural, la formación en y para el trabajo profesional, y la adecuación de la estrategia curricular al contexto virtual. Conclusiones: La concreción del modelo de formación cubano en condiciones de pandemia requiere repensar las estrategias curriculares y el diseño de las disciplinas sin afectar las leyes y principios de la Educación Superior en Cuba

Searching for flavor labels in food products: the influence of color-flavor congruence and association strength

Prior research provides robust support for the existence of a number of associations between colors and flavors. In the present study, we examined whether congruent (vs. incongruent) combinations of product packaging colors and flavor labels would facilitate visual search for products labeled with specific flavors. The two experiments reported here document a Stroop-like effect between flavor words and packaging colors. The participants were able to search for packaging flavor labels more rapidly when the color of the packaging was congruent with the flavor label (e.g., red/tomato) than when it was incongruent (e.g., yellow/tomato). In addition, when the packaging color was incongruent, those flavor labels that were more strongly associated with a specific color yielded slower reaction times and more errors (Stroop interference) than those that were less strongly tied to a specific color. Importantly, search efficiency was affected both by color/flavor congruence and association strength. Taken together, these results therefore highlight the role of color congruence and color–word association strength when it comes to searching for specific flavor labels

The Butcher's Tongue illusion

5 páginasWe report two experiments, based on a novel variant of the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI), in which tactile stimulation is referred to an artificial (out-of-body) tongue. In the experiments reported here the participant's tongue was stimulated while they looked at a mirrored dummy tongue. On average, the participants agreed with the statement that they felt as if they had been touched in the location where they saw the rubber tongue being touched (experiment 1), thus demonstrating visual capture. When the external tongue was illuminated with a laser pointer (experiment 2), a significant proportion of the participants reported feeling either tactile or thermal stimulation on their own tongue. These results therefore demonstrate that the multisensory integration of visual, tactile, and proprioceptive information that gives rise to the RHI can be extended to the tongue (a body part that is rarely seen directly)