Analysis and Evaluation of Thermal-cooling Loads of Office Buildings Using Carrier Software in Iran

The importance and necessity of energy saving in the world have been discussed for many years, but achieving a logical and transparent solution isstill one of the main challenges and problems of the world’s economy. Therapid growth of energy consumption in the last two decades has caused thesecurity of the domestic energy supply of buildings to face serious problems. In this research, first by entering parameters such as the type of materials, doors and windows, and the type of soil on the floor connected to theground, etc. in the heat and cold load calculation software (HAP Carrier) asthe design calculations and then in the second step entering the specifications inferred from the Iran’s national building code as a reference for energy saving calculations, calculations are performed and compared as the firstcriterion, and finally these two outputs are compared. The actual energyconsumption and determination of the building energy consumption indexare determined as another criterion, as well as the degree of deviation fromthe actual consumption. The results showed that the theoretical method andthe thermal and refrigeration load calculations of the Zanjan Gas Companybuilding have 6% difference in cooling load but the heating load is about34% different, which means for cooling loads, the theoretical model can beused with high accuracy but for heating loads, the national building codeneeds fundamental changes

New norms of gender and emergence of identity crisis in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid's Tale

Using Butler's theory of gender performativity and her analysis of the psychic form of power, this paper attempts to show how the modification of gender by power in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale has resulted in an identity crisis in the female protagonist, Offred. One significant aspect of the totalitarian regime of Gilead is its gender hierarchy that is further consolidated through sex discourse. Sex in Gilead turns into a privilege granted only to men of high social status. Men are presented as normal sexual beings, whereas women are entirely excluded from this discourse. Femininity in Gilead translates into invisibility, modesty and silence. Women are regarded as being sexually neutral and are reduced to means of reproduction. Offred, who has lost her voice and agency in this society, attempts to create her own narrative through which she can exercise her resistance. However, the lack of consistency and her inability to adjust herself to the new values and norms result in an identity crisis, which is represented through her sense of melancholia and the obvious inconsistencies in her values

Antidepressant Potential of Ferula gummosa Essential Oil in Mouse Models

Background and objectives: Earlier researches have exhibited the antioxidant, antinociceptive, and antiepileptic effects of Ferula gummosa. Considering that antioxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of depression, the antidepressant potential of the F. gummosa essential oil was assessed by using a mouse models. Methods:Lorke’s method was used to access the acute toxicity of the F. gummosa essential oil. The F. gummosa essential oil (5-40 mg/kg), standard agents, and vehicle were administered to animals. The forced-swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open-field test (OFT) were used for the evaluation of depression. Results: The F. gummosa essential oil LD50 was found to be 316.22 mg/Kg b.w. β-Pinene, α-pinene, guaiol, δ-3-carene, bulnesol, α-Bisabolol, and β-myrcenewere the major components of the F. gummosaessential oil, respectively. In both FST and TST, 10-40 mg/kg of the essential oil decreased the duration of immobility. Furthermore, 10-40mg/kg of the F. gummosa essential oil enhanced the duration of swimming with no significant effect on the duration of climbing in FST. The F. gummosaessential oil did not change the animal locomotion in the OFT. Conclusion: According to the results, the F. gummosa essential oil showed antidepressant activity similar to fluoxetine which may have a potential clinical value for the treatment of depression

Comparison of Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Styles in Patients with and without Allergy with Healthy People

Background & Objectives: Allergy is one of the most common diseases that is rapidly increasing. Since this disease is a psychosomatic disease, to evaluate the factors affecting it, a combination of biological and psychological factors should be considered. The aim of this study was to compare the personality traits and emotion regulation styles in patients with and without allergy with healthy people. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Allergy Clinic in Urmia city in 2017. In this study, 100 patients (50 patients with allergy, and 50 patients without allergy) and 50 healthy people were selected through matching with the patient group using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using Personality Trait Questionnaire (PTQ) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, and Levin and Scheffe test. Results: Neuroticism was more common in patients with and without allergy than those healthy people (P=0.001). Patients with allergy obtained lower scores of the extraversion trait and adaptive emotion regulation compared to the other two groups (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of agreeableness and openness to experience. Conclusion: It seems necessary to use psychological interventions in the training of emotion regulation skills and pay attention to the personality traits in these patients. Key¬words: Allergy, Cognitive emotion regulation styles, Personality traits, patients, Allergy clinic Citation: Arshadi S, Yousefi R, Ahmadi E, Shahabi S. Comparison of Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Styles in Patients with and without Allergy with Healthy People. Journal of Health Based Research 2018; 4(2): 169-79. [In Persian

The Geochemical, Mineralogical and Characterization of Mineralization Zones In Quartz Diorite, Quartz Monzodiorite and Granite associations (Suite) of Tarik Dareh (Torbat-E Jam) area By Multispectral Data (Rs) and artificial Neural Networks (ann) Methods

Abstract: The granitoid, quartz-diorite and quartz-monzodiorite associations of Tarik Dareh (Torbat-e Jam) and its related placers were examined by XRD, XRF, ICP-MS, RS and ANN methods. The Multispectral data (SAM method) was used for differentiating of lithological units and identification of minerals in the suite. The Envi software provided a means for classification of lithological units into 4 main groups. The geochemical studies showed the granitoid stock is peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.7-1.2) and high K calk alkaline (Na 2 O<K 2 O). The geochemical analysis and trace elements data showed I type, subduction zones and syn-collision VAG type for the granitoid stock in the area. The enrichment during differentiation of magma caused Au, Sb and W anomalous. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) method was developed to define favourability zones of occurrences of Au, W and Sb mineralizations and to assess the predictive power of the model. ANN results showed the most of Au anomaly (higher than 4 ppm) can be observed in inner and adjacent of quartzdiorite unit, anomaly of W (higher than 2.2 ppm) in monzogranite and syenogranite ones, but anomaly of Sb (higher than 1.2 ppm) in the quartzdiorite and monzogranite parts

Evidence for Policy Making: Clinical Appropriateness Study of Lumbar Spine MRI Prescriptions Using RAND Appropriateness Method

Background : MRI is a new and expensive diagnostic technology, which has been used increasingly all over the world. Low back pain is a worldwide prevalent disorder and MRI technique is one of the several ways to diagnose it. This paper aims to identify the appropriateness of lumbar spine MRI prescriptions in Shiraz teaching hospitals using standardized R AND Appropriateness Method (R AM) criteria in 2012. Methods : This study consisted of two phases. The first phase involved a qualitative enquiry and the second phase had a quantitative cross-sectional nature. In the first phase RAM was used for developing lumbar spine MRI indications and scenarios. In the second phase, the finalized scenarios were compared with the history and physical examination of 300 patients with low back pain. The rate of appropriateness of lumbar spine MRI prescription was then calculated. Results : Of 300 cases of lumbar spine MRI prescriptions, approximately 167 (56%) were considered inappropriate, 72 (24%) were uncertain, and 61 (20%) were deemed to be appropriate. The economic burden of inappropriate prescriptions was calculated at 88,009,000 Rials. In addition, the types of expertise and physical examination were considered as related factors to appropriateness of prescriptions. Conclusion : In conclusion, a large proportion of lumbar spine MRI prescriptions, which result in financial burden on the insurance companies and the patients alike is unnecessary. This study suggests that policy makers consider this evidence while decision-making. Our findings highlight the imperative role of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). As a result, developing local clinical guidelines may create the commitment needed in physicians in prescribing appropriate prescriptions within the health sector. The study further recommends that appropriate scenarios should be considered as a criterion for payment and reimbursement

A review on the potential of polylactic acid based thermoplastic elastomer as filament material for fused deposition modelling

Currently, a range of sectors are implementing three-dimensional (3D) printing, which is a part of additive manufacturing (AM) technology via the fused deposition modelling (FDM) approach. As of now, various filament materials are available in the market and have their limitations. Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blend as a filament material in 3D printing should be implemented to overcome the weakness of available filaments. TPE blend stands out due to its flexibility, thermoplastic-like processability, and renewability. Based on the findings, TPE blend filament can be made with polylactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic and elastomers such as natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The TPE printed components will be flexible; tough with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. In this paper, the characteristics of TPE are being reviewed to show the potential of TPE material as filament

Developing criteria for Cesarean Section using the RAND appropriateness method

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cesarean section rates are increasing worldwide, and a rapid increase has been observed in Iran. Disagreement exists between clinicians about when to use cesarean section. We aimed to identify the appropriateness criteria for the use of cesarean section in Iran.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>A consensus development study using a modified version of the RAND Appropriateness Method (RAM). We generated scenarios from valid clinical guidelines and expert opinions. A panel of experts participated in consensus development: first round via mail (12 members), second round face-to-face (9 members). We followed the RAM recommendations for the development of the scenario lists, rating scales, and statistical analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>294 scenarios relevant to cesarean section were identified. 191 scenarios were considered appropriate, of which 125 scenarios were agreed upon. The panel found cesarean inappropriate for 21% of scenarios, and 'equivocal' for 14% of scenarios.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>RAM is useful for identifying stakeholder views in settings with limited resources. The participants' views on appropriateness of certain indications differed with available evidence. A large number of scenarios without agreement may partly explain why it has been difficult to curb the growth in cesarean section rate.</p

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe