Zoning Zarand-Saveh watershed for artificial recharge of underground aquifers using ELECTRE method and Linear Assignment with GIS technique

In previous decades decision making in water management problems and selection of better option among suggested options to solve a watershed problems was only done based on economical criteria - profit in relation to cost- and on changing social and environmental criteria in to the economical criterion However today using Multi criteria decision making it is not necessary to use financial equivalent of social and environmental criteria to select the best option In fact various qualitative and quantitative criteria can be used to prioritize and select the best options for water resources management The purpose of this study is ranking the water resources potential in Zarand-Saveh watershed by two methods ELECTRE method and Linear Assignment ELECTRE method is one of the Multi criteria decision making which can compound the quantitative and qualitative criteria weight each criterion based on its importance and help decision makers to select the best option at the same time Electrical method is one of the available methods in compensatory methods In this method all options are analyzed and evaluated by non-ranked comparisons Whole stages of this method are based on coordinated and uncoordinated sets and thus it is called coordination analysi

Microleakage of Two Composite Resin Materials in Restored Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study

Objectives Restoration of primary teeth have become more critical than extracting them. Composite resin materials are considered suitable materials for primary teeth restoration due to their aesthetic and acceptable performance. However, they have limitations such as polymerization shrinkage, microleakage, post-treatment sensitivity, and reduced marginal adaptation. This study evaluated the microleakage of Tokuyama Bulk flow composite and Grandiflow composite resin materials in restored primary teeth. Methods In this in vitro study, 54 primary teeth were randomly divided into two groups. After preparing the Class II cavity in the samples and applying acid etch and bonding material, one group was allocated to the Tokuyama Bulk flow composite, and the other group was allocated to the Grandiflow composite. The amount of microleakage was determined by immersion of samples in 1% methylene blue dye and evaluation under stereomicroscope. Scores from 0 to 3 were assigned depending on the degree of dye penetration. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the scores in two groups at a significance level of 0.05. Results The amount of microleakage in the Grandiflow group was significantly higher than the Tokuyama Bulk flow group (p=0.019). In the Grandiflow group, the highest microleakage score was 3 (63.0%), 2 (29.6%), and 1 (7.4%), respectively. In the Tokuyama Bulk flow group, the highest microleakage scores were 2 (55.6%), 3 (29.6%), 1 (11.1%), and 0 (3.7%), respectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that Tokuyama Bulk flow composites have lower microleakage than the Grandiflow composite, potentially affecting the microleakage and subsequent failure of the restoration in a positive way

Comparison of Evidence Based Medicine resources on Responses to Clinical Questions on Diabetes

Among the large volume of information existed in the more important fields such as diabetes, the evidence-based resources offer timely the information to the physicians who do not have enough time to study.While the selection of validated sources face challenges in the field of diabetes, this study compare the sources recovered from the evidence-based databases.The design of this research is cross-sectional, survey, descriptive and is an applied type. Preparing a list on clinical questions here was done as referring to the Diabetes Center in Semirom for 5 months. The following keywords were searched on databases: Up To Date, Clinical Key, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid, and PubMed Tool. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of tables, diagrams, chi-square test. The findings showed that both Ovid and Clinical Key databases recovered more relevant documents in contrast to other databases. According to the most relevant documents. According to the relevant and relatively relevant documents, Clinical Key, Embase, Ovid and Up To Date databases had the highest recall in contrast to the PubMed and Cochrane databases which possessed the lowest recall. According to the most relevant documents, the Ovid Database has the highest precision while the PubMed Database had the lowest precision. Among the databases, up to date had retrieved the relevant documents.Ovid possesses more recall and precision among the databases analyzed, But evidence-based resources are generally well-suited to clinical questions in the field of diabete

AN IMPROVEMENT TO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAVY-WEIGHT OIL WELL CEMENTS USING CARBON NANOTUBES

This study experimentally investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT’s), as a reinforcing material, on the physical properties of heavy-weight oil well cements. A candidate well is selected and the properties of the cement slurry used in a problematic section of the well are tested in the laboratory. Carbon nanotubes (CNT’s) are added as fibers to the cement slurry and the improvements in the cement slurry and stone properties are studied. This work discusses the problems associated with conventional heavy-weight oil well cement used in the candidate well and reports the detail of the improvements on cement properties obtained by adding CNT’s to cement slurry formulation. These properties include cement slurry rheological properties, free water, fluid loss, thickening time, cement stone elasticity, and compressive strength. When only 1 wt.% of CNT is added to the cement slurry, the yield point and plastic viscosity increase by eight and five times respectively, while the free water and fluid loss of cement slurry are reduced by 85% and 70% respectively. In addition, cement stone compressive strength increases by 73.8%. Moreover, the elastic properties of the cement stone are improved and higher values for the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are achieved; however, there is an optimum concentration of nano-additive at which the maximum yield point, plastic viscosity, compressive strength, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are reached. The results of this study can be used to optimize the cement slurry design in any given set of conditions

Levetiracetam as an adjunctive treatment for mania: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Levetiracetam is an anticonvulsant with a low side effect profile and favorable properties for individuals with bipolar I disorder during their manic phase. Despite initial promising results until about 2008, it appears that this track of research has not been followed-up. To counter this, we tested the influence of adjuvant levetiracetam on acute mania, compared to placebo. More specifically, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among inpatients with bipolar disorder I during their acute phase of mania. METHODS: A total of 72 inpatients (mean age: 33.98 years; 23.6% females) with diagnosed bipolar disorder I and during their acute manic phase were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant levetiracetam (250 mg to a maximum of 1,500 mg) or to the placebo condition. Standard medication was lithium at therapeutic dosages. At baseline, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and subjective sleep. Subjective sleep was re-assessed 24 days later at the end of the study. Experts rated participants' acute state of mania with the Young Mania Rating Scale at baseline and at day 12 and day 24. Participants' cognitive performance was assessed at baseline and at day 24 at the end of the study. RESULTS: Over time, mania scores significantly decreased (large effect size), but more so in the levetiracetam condition, compared to the placebo condition (medium effect size). Likewise, over time, subjective sleep improved (large effect size), but more so in the levetiracetam condition, compared to the placebo condition (large effect size). Over time, cognitive performance improved (large effect size), irrespective of the study condition. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to placebo, adjuvant levetiracetam to lithium improved symptoms of mania, as rated by experts, and subjective sleep quality. Adjuvant levetiracetam had no further favorable (or detrimental) impact on cognitive performance

Influence of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate on Early Ejaculation—Results from a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Among male sexual dysfunctions, erectile dysfunction and early ejaculation have the highest prevalence rates. Here, we tested the influence of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyas®) on early ejaculation. To this end, we performed a double-blind randomized clinical trial among males with early ejaculation. Methods: A total of 46 males with early ejaculation (mean age: 35.23 years) and in stable marital relationships with regular weekly penile–vaginal intercourse were randomly assigned either to the lisdexamfetamine dimesylate condition (30 mg) or to the placebo condition. Compounds were taken about six hours before intended penile–vaginal intercourse. At baseline and four weeks later at the end of the study, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering early ejaculation. Female partners also rated participants’ early ejaculation profile. Results: Compared to the placebo condition, dimensions of early ejaculation improved over time in the lisdexamfetamine condition, though improvements were also observed in the placebo condition. Conclusions: Among male adults in stable marital relationships with regular weekly penile–vaginal intercourse, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate improved dimensions of early ejaculation. Given that improvements were also observed in the placebo condition, psychological factors such as increased attention to early ejaculation and favorable expectations of the compound should be considered

Effects of Shift Work on Cognitive Performance, Sleep Quality, and Sleepiness among Petrochemical Control Room Operators

Background: shift work is associated with both sleepiness and reduced performance. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive performance, sleepiness, and sleep quality among petrochemical control room shift workers. Method: Sixty shift workers participated in this study. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the objective test such as continuous performance test, n-back test, and simple reaction time test; sleepiness scale was measured using the subjective Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS); and sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. ANCOVA, t-test, and repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analyses, and the significance level was set at 'p' < .05. Results: All variables related to cognitive performance, except for omission error, significantly decreased at the end of both day and night shifts ('p' < .0001). There were also significant differences between the day and night shifts in terms of the variables of omission error ('p' < .027) and commission error ('p' < .036). A significant difference was also observed between daily and nightly trends of sleepiness ('p' < .0001) so that sleepiness was higher for the night shift. Participants had low sleep quality on both day and night shifts, and there were significant differences between the day and night shifts in terms of subjective sleep quality and quantity ('p' < .01). Conclusion: Long working hours per shift result in fatigue, irregularities in the circadian rhythm and the cycle of sleep, induced cognitive performance decline at the end of both day and night shifts and increased sleepiness in night shift. It, thus, seems necessary to take ergonomic measures such as planning for more appropriate shift work and reducing working hours

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Comparison of Evidence Based Medicine resources on Responses to Clinical Questions on Diabetes

Among the large volume of information existed in the more important fields such as diabetes, the evidence-based resources offer timely the information to the physicians who do not have enough time to study.While the selection of validated sources face challenges in the field of diabetes, this study compare the sources recovered from the evidence-based databases.The design of this research is cross-sectional, survey, descriptive and is an applied type. Preparing a list on clinical questions here was done as referring to the Diabetes Center in Semirom for 5 months. The following keywords were searched on databases: Up To Date, Clinical Key, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid, and PubMed Tool. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of tables, diagrams, chi-square test. The findings showed that both Ovid and Clinical Key databases recovered more relevant documents in contrast to other databases. According to the most relevant documents. According to the relevant and relatively relevant documents, Clinical Key, Embase, Ovid and Up To Date databases had the highest recall in contrast to the PubMed and Cochrane databases which possessed the lowest recall. According to the most relevant documents, the Ovid Database has the highest precision while the PubMed Database had the lowest precision. Among the databases, up to date had retrieved the relevant documents.Ovid possesses more recall and precision among the databases analyzed, But evidence-based resources are generally well-suited to clinical questions in the field of diabete