9 research outputs found
Relaxation dynamics of an isolated large-spin Fermi gas far from equilibrium
A fundamental question in many-body physics is how closed quantum systems
reach equilibrium. We address this question experimentally and theoretically in
an ultracold large-spin Fermi gas where we find a complex interplay between
internal and motional degrees of freedom. The fermions are initially prepared
far from equilibrium with only a few spin states occupied. The subsequent
dynamics leading to redistribution among all spin states is observed
experimentally and simulated theoretically using a kinetic Boltzmann equation
with full spin coherence. The latter is derived microscopically and provides
good agreement with experimental data without any free parameters. We identify
several collisional processes, which occur on different time scales. By varying
density and magnetic field, we control the relaxation dynamics and are able to
continuously tune the character of a subset of spin states from an open to a
closed system.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure
Engineering spin waves in a high-spin ultracold Fermi gas
We report on the detailed study of multi-component spin-waves in an s=3/2
Fermi gas where the high spin leads to novel tensorial degrees of freedom
compared to s = 1/2 systems. The excitations of a spin-nematic state are
investigated from the linear to the nonlinear regime, where the tensorial
character is particularly pronounced. By tuning the initial state we engineer
the tensorial spin-wave character, such that the magnitude and sign of the
counterflow spin-currents are effectively controlled. A comparison of our data
with numerical and analytical results shows excellent agreement.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Coherent multi-flavour spin dynamics in a fermionic quantum gas
Microscopic spin interaction processes are fundamental for global static and
dynamical magnetic properties of many-body systems. Quantum gases as pure and
well isolated systems offer intriguing possibilities to study basic magnetic
processes including non-equilibrium dynamics. Here, we report on the
realization of a well-controlled fermionic spinor gas in an optical lattice
with tunable effective spin ranging from 1/2 to 9/2. We observe long-lived
intrinsic spin oscillations and investigate the transition from two-body to
many-body dynamics. The latter results in a spin-interaction driven melting of
a band insulator. Via an external magnetic field we control the system's
dimensionality and tune the spin oscillations in and out of resonance. Our
results open new routes to study quantum magnetism of fermionic particles
beyond conventional spin 1/2 systems.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Momentum-Resolved Bragg Spectroscopy in Optical Lattices
Strongly correlated many-body systems show various exciting phenomena in
condensed matter physics such as high-temperature superconductivity and
colossal magnetoresistance. Recently, strongly correlated phases could also be
studied in ultracold quantum gases possessing analogies to solid-state physics,
but moreover exhibiting new systems such as Fermi-Bose mixtures and magnetic
quantum phases with high spin values. Particularly interesting systems here are
quantum gases in optical lattices with fully tunable lattice and atomic
interaction parameters. While in this context several concepts and ideas have
already been studied theoretically and experimentally, there is still great
demand for new detection techniques to explore these complex phases in detail.
Here we report on measurements of a fully momentum-resolved excitation
spectrum of a quantum gas in an optical lattice by means of Bragg spectroscopy.
The bandstructure is measured with high resolution at several lattice depths.
Interaction effects are identified and systematically studied varying density
and excitation fraction.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Optical metrology terminal for satellite-to-satellite laser ranging
Interferometric laser ranging is an enabling technology for high-precision satellite-to-satellite tracking within the context of earth observation, gravitational wave detection, or formation flying. In orbit, the measurement system is affected by environmental influences, particularly satellite attitude jitter and temperature fluctuations, demanding an instrument design, which has a high level of thermal stability and is insensitive to rotations around the satellite's center of mass. Different design approaches for a heterodyne dynamic laser ranging instrument have been combined to a new improved design concept that involves the inherent beam tracking capabilities of a retroreflector into a mono-axial configuration with nanometer accuracy. In order to facilitate the accommodation onboard a future satellite mission, the design allows for a continuously adjustable flexible phase center position. To cover large inter-spacecraft distances, the instrument design comprises an active transponder system, featuring a two-dimensional beam steering mechanism to align a local, strong laser to the (weak) input beam without affecting the measurement path.
To this end, a dynamic laser ranging instrument is presented, which has compact dimensions and is fully integrated on a single Zerodur baseplate. The instrument performance will be evaluated in a dedicated test setup providing a flat-top beam simulating the laser beam received from a distant spacecraft, including a beam steering subsystem, which allows for monitoring of pathlength variations when the angle of incidence at the optical instrument is changing
Architecture and performance analysis of an optical metrology terminal for satellite-to-satellite laser ranging
Interferometric laser ranging is an enabling technology for high-precision satellite-to-satellite tracking
within the context of earth observation, gravitational wave detection, or formation flying. In orbit, the
measurement system is affected by environmental influences, particularly satellite attitude jitter and temperature fluctuations, imposing an instrument design with a high level of thermal stability and insensitivity to rotations around the spacecraft center of mass. The new design concept presented here combines
different approaches for dynamic heterodyne laser ranging and features the inherent beam tracking capabilities of a retroreflector in a mono-axial configuration. It allows for a continuously adjustable distance
between the optical bench and the location of its fiducial point, facilitating future inter-satellite tracking
with nanometer accuracy, e.g., the next-generation gravity mission