Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Criopreservación de semen de bagre rayado Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum con tres diferentes crioprotectores

The objective of this study was to evaluate three internal cryoprotectants to preserve semen of striped catfish (Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum). The cryoprotectants tested were: dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA) and ethylene glycol (ETG) at two inclusion percentages (5 and 10%), mixed with 6% glucose, 3% skim milk powder, and 0.4% vitamin E. Five males in the spermiation phase were induced with Ovaprim® (0.4 ml/kg). The semen was diluted in the cryoprotective solution (1: 3) in 2.5 ml tubes, frozen in nitrogen vapors and thawed at 35°C for 90 seconds. A 3x2 factorial design was used, and the control treatment was fresh semen (SF). Total motility (Mt), type of motility total progressivity, and spermatic velocities were evaluated in fresh, pre-frozen and post-thawed semen using the Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®) software. The SF volume was 6.1 ± 4.3 ml, with Mt of 72.6 ± 17.1%, activation of 31.2 ± 2.1 seconds and sperm concentration of 54.7 ± 22.9 million/μl. In the pre-frozen semen, the cryoprotectant (p <0.05) and the percentage of inclusion (p <0.01) -but not their interaction- had a significant negative effect on Mt, curvilinear velocity (VCL), and linear velocity (VSL); whereas in thawed semen only the interaction of the factors (p <0.05) was significant for Mt, static sperm percentages and VCL. The Mt decreased between 36-67% in pre-frozen semen and between 74-86% in thawed semen compared to SF. These results suggest that 5 or 10% inclusion levels of DMSO, DMA, and ETG, in combination with 3% powdered milk, 6% glucose, and 0.4% vitamin E are viable alternatives to cryopreserve semen of striped catfish.El objetivo fue criopreservar semen de bagre rayado Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum con tres crioprotectores internos diferentes: dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO), dimetilacetamida (DMA) y etilenglicol (ETG) a dos porcentajes de inclusiones (5 y 10%), combinados con glucosa 6%, leche en polvo descremada 3% y vitamina E (0,4%). Cinco machos en fase de espermiación fueron inducidos con 0,4 ml de Ovaprim®/Kg. El semen fue diluido en la solución crioprotectora (1:3) en tubos de 2,5 ml, congelado en vapores de nitrógeno y descongelado a 35°C durante 90 segundos. El análisis estadístico incluyó un diseño factorial 3x2 y semen fresco (SF) como tratamiento testigo. En semen fresco, precongelado y descongelado se evaluó la movilidad total (Mt), tipos de movilidad, progresividad total y velocidades espermáticas con la ayuda de Sperm Class Analyzer SCA®. El SF registró volumen de 6,1±4,3 ml, Mt de 72,6±17,1%, activación de 31,2±2,1 segundos y concentración espermática de 54,7±22,9 millones/μl. En semen precongelado, el crioprotector (p<0,05) y porcentaje de inclusión (p<0,01), pero no su interacción, tuvieron un efecto significativo en la Mt, velocidad curvilínea (VCL) y velocidad lineal (VSL); mientras que en semen descongelado sólo la interacción de los factores (p<0,05) fue significativa en Mt, porcentajes de espermatozoide estáticos y VCL. La Mt cayó entre 36-67% en semen precongelado y entre 7486% en semen descongelado con relación a SF. Los resultados sugieren que DMSO, DMA y ETG incluidos a 5 o 10%, combinados con leche en polvo 3%, glucosa 6% y vitamina E 0,4% son alternativas viables de criopreservación del semen de bagre rayado

Population growth of Macrothrix spinosa fed with Chlorella sp.

El zooplancton es considerado como un alimento de gran importancia para las larvas de los peces por su excelente perfil nutricional. La mayor dificultad en el cultivo del zooplancton, en especial de cladóceros, es la susceptibilidad al alimento que consumen, pues deficiencias en los nutrientes influyen significativamente en su producción. Por tanto, el estudio de la partícula alimenticia en cantidad y calidad óptima es necesario para potencializar la producción. En la Piscícola San Silvestre S.A. se evaluó el efecto del alimento sobre las variables productivas del cladócero Macrothrix spinosa con fotoperiodo 12:12 luz: oscuridad y aireación constante en 8 unidades experimentales con volumen de 2.5 L. Los organismos, en densidad inicial de 2 org/mL, se alimentaron con la microalga Chlorella sp, previamente cultivada en dos medios de cultivo: (T1) Chlorella sp. cultivada con F/2 de Guillard y (T2) Chlorella sp. cultivada con Nutrifoliar®. Fueron determinados los parámetros poblacionales: densidad máxima (Dm), tasa instantánea de crecimiento (K), tiempo de duplicación (Td) y rendimiento (R). Diariamente se registró la temperatura (25.86±0.36 °C), pH (7.58±0.32) y OD (5.74±0.56 mg/L). La mayor Dm fue 27.38±0.08 org/mL en T1 (P&amp;gt;0.05). Mayor K, menor Td y mayor R se registraron en T1 (0.24±0.00, 2.84±0.04 días y 2.50±0.01 org/mL respectivamente) (P&amp;gt;0.05). Los resultados sugieren que M. spinosa, alimentada con la microalga Chlorella sp. cultivada con F/2 de Guillard, alcanza mejor desempeño poblacional en cultivo.Zooplankton is considered a food of great importance for fish larvae because of its excellent nutritional profile. The greatest difficulty in the culture of zooplankton, especially cladocerans, is the susceptibility to the food they consume, since deficiencies in the nutrients significantly influence their production. Therefore, the study of the food particle in optimal quantity and quality is necessary to potentiate production. In the Piscícola San Silvestre S.A, the effect of the food on the productive variables of the cladoceran Macrothrix spinosa with photoperiod 12:12 light: dark and constant aeration in 8 experimental units with volume of 2.5 liters was evaluated. The organisms, in initial density of 2 clad / mL, were fed with the microalga Chlorella sp, previously cultivated in two culture media: (T1) Chlorella sp. cultivated with Guillard’s F/2 and (T2) Chlorella sp. grown with Nutrifoliar®. The population parameters were determined: maximum density (Dm), instantaneous growth rate (K), doubling time (Td) and yield (R). The temperature was recorded daily (25.86±0.36 °C), pH (7.58±0.32) and OD (5.74±0.56 mg/L). The highest Dm was 27.38±0.08 org/mL in T1 (P&amp;gt;0.05). Higher K, lower Td and higher R were recorded in T1 (0.24±0.00, 2.84±0.04 days and 2.50±0.01 org/mL respectively) (P&amp;gt;0.05). The results suggest that M. spinosa fed with the microalga Chlorella sp. cultivated with Guillard’s F / 2, achieves better population performance in culture

Crecimiento poblacional de Macrothrix spinosa alimentada con Chlorella sp.

Abstract Zooplankton is considered a food of great importance for fish larvae because of its excellent nutritional profile. The greatest difficulty in the culture of zooplankton, especially cladocerans, is the susceptibility to the food they consume, since deficiencies in the nutrients significantly influence their production. Therefore, the study of the food particle in optimal quantity and quality is necessary to potentiate production. In the Piscícola San Silvestre S.A, the effect of the food on the productive variables of the cladoceran Macrothrix spinosa with photoperiod 12:12 light: dark and constant aeration in 8 experimental units with volume of 2,5 liters was evaluated. The organisms, in initial density of 2 clad / mL, were fed with the microalga Chlorella sp, previously cultivated in two culture media: (T1) Chlorella sp. cultivated with Guillard’s F/2 and (T2) Chlorella sp. grown with Nutrifoliar®. The population parameters were determined: maximum density (Dm), instantaneous growth rate (K), doubling time (Td) and yield (R). The temperature was recorded daily (25,86±0,36 °C), pH (7,58±0,32) and OD (5,74±0,56 mg/L). The highest Dm was 27,38±0,08 org/mL in T1 (P>0,05). Higher K, lower Td and higher R were recorded in T1 (0,24±0,00, 2,84±0,04 days and 2,50±0,01 org/mL respectively) (P>0,05). The results suggest that M. spinosa fed with the microalga Chlorella sp. cultivated with Guillard’s F / 2, achieves better population performance in culture.Resumo O zooplâncton é considerado um alimento de grande importância para as larvas de peixes, devido ao seu excelente perfil nutricional. A maior dificultade na cultura do zooplâncton, especialmente dos cladóceros, é a suscetibilidade aos alimentos que consomem; uma vez que deficiências nos nutrientes influenciam significativamente sua produção. Portanto, o estudo da partícula alimentar em quantidade e qualidade ótimas é necessário para potencializar a produção. Na Piscícola San Silvestre S.A, foi avaliado o efeito do alimento sobre as variáveis produtivas do cladoceran Macrothrix spinosa com fotoperíodo 12:12 luz: escura e aeração constante em 8 unidades experimentais com volume de 2,5 litros. Os organismos em densidade inicial de 2 org/mL foram alimentados com a microalga Chlorella sp., previamente cultivada com dois meios de cultura: (T1) Chlorella sp. cultivada com F/2 de Guillard e (T2) Chlorella sp. cultivada com Nutrifoliar®. Os parâmetros populacionais foram determinados: densidade máxima (Dm), taxa de crescimento instantâneo (K), tempo de duplicação (Td) e rendimento (R). A temperatura foi registrada diariamente (25,86±0,36 °C), pH (7,58±0,32) e OD (5,74±0,56 mg/L). O maior Dm foi de 27,38±0,08 org/mL em T1 (P> 0,05). Maior K, menor Td e maior R foram registrados em T1 (0,24±0,00, 2,84±0,04 dias e 2,50±0,01 org/mL, respectivamente) (P>0,05). Os resultados sugerem que M. spinosa alimentada com a microalga Chlorella sp. cultivada com F/2 de Guillard, alcança melhor desempenho populacional em cultura.Resumen El zooplancton es considerado como un alimento de gran importancia para las larvas de los peces por su excelente perfil nutricional. La mayor dificultad en el cultivo del zooplancton, en especial de cladóceros, es la susceptibilidad al alimento que consumen, pues deficiencias en los nutrientes influyen significativamente en su producción. Por tanto, el estudio de la partícula alimenticia en cantidad y calidad óptima es necesario para potencializar la producción. En la Piscícola San Silvestre S.A. se evaluó el efecto del alimento sobre las variables productivas del cladócero Macrothrix spinosa con fotoperiodo 12:12 luz: oscuridad y aireación constante en 8 unidades experimentales con volumen de 2,5 L. Los organismos, en densidad inicial de 2 org/mL, se alimentaron con la microalga Chlorella sp, previamente cultivada en dos medios de cultivo: (T1) Chlorella sp. cultivada con F/2 de Guillard y (T2) Chlorella sp. cultivada con Nutrifoliar®. Fueron determinados los parámetros poblacionales: densidad máxima (Dm), tasa instantánea de crecimiento (K), tiempo de duplicación (Td) y rendimiento (R). Diariamente se registró la temperatura (25,86±0,36 °C), pH (7,58±0,32) y OD (5,74±0,56 mg/L). La mayor Dm fue 27,38±0,08 org/mL en T1 (P>0,05). Mayor K, menor Td y mayor R se registraron en T1 (0,24±0,00, 2,84±0,04 días y 2,50±0,01 org/mL respectivamente) (P>0,05). Los resultados sugieren que M. spinosa, alimentada con la microalga Chlorella sp. cultivada con F/2 de Guillard, alcanza mejor desempeño poblacional en cultivo

Cellular viability and growth of microalgae: effect of the culture medium

In Aquaculture, the use of microalgae is fundamental in the first feeding of native fish species, since their optimal nutritional level favors survival. Successful production of microalgae under laboratory conditions depends on the culture medium used during the cryopreservation stage of production. Agricultural fertilizers can be used as a low-cost alternativeculture media that promotes cell growth and cryopreservation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of two culture media on population growth (PG) and post-thawing viability (PTV) of three microalgal species (Chlorellasp., Desmodesmussp., and Ankistrodesmussp.). The PG and PTV were evaluated for F/2 Guillard and Nutrifoliar® culture media. Instantaneous growth rate (K), doubling time (dt), yield (y), and maximum density (md) were evaluated for PG in both culture media. For VCP, 5 and 10 % methanol wasusedin six treatments. The PTV was classified as no cell damage (NCD), cell damage (CD), and marked lesions (ML). Population growth did not differ among microalgae (p >0.05). T1 resulted in the lowest dt for Desmodesmussp., (p 0,05). El T1 tuvo el menor td para Desmodesmussp (p<0,05). El T2 presentó el mayor r y dm para las tres microalgas (p<0,05).En la viabilidad celular post-descongelación, el mayor porcentaje SDC para Chlorellasp., al día (d) cero, fue similar en T3 y T4 y al d cinco fue en T6; para Desmodesmussp, al d cero fue en T6 y al d cinco fue similar en T6 y T1; mientras que, para Ankistrodesmussp, al d cero y cinco se presentó en T3. Se concluye que el medio de cultivo Nutrifoliar®, es una alternativa viable y de bajo costo para el cultivo y la criopreservación de microalgas de agua dulc

Association study in African-admixed populations across the Americas recapitulates asthma risk loci in non-African populations

Asthma is a complex disease with striking disparities across racial and ethnic groups. Despite its relatively high burden, representation of individuals of African ancestry in asthma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been inadequate, and true associations in these underrepresented minority groups have been inconclusive. We report the results of a genome-wide meta-analysis from the Consortium on Asthma among African Ancestry Populations (CAAPA; 7009 asthma cases, 7645 controls). We find strong evidence for association at four previously reported asthma loci whose discovery was driven largely by non-African populations, including the chromosome 17q12–q21 locus and the chr12q13 region, a novel (and not previously replicated) asthma locus recently identified by the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC). An additional seven loci reported by TAGC show marginal evidence for association in CAAPA. We also identify two novel loci (8p23 and 8q24) that may be specific to asthma risk in African ancestry populations

Author Correction: Association study in African-admixed populations across the Americas recapitulates asthma risk loci in non-African populations (Nature Communications, (2019), 10, 1, (880), 10.1038/s41467-019-08469-7)

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of a member of the CAAPA Consortium, Hrafnhildur Bjarnadóttir which was incorrectly given as Hilda Bjarnadóttir. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Association study in African-admixed populations across the Americas recapitulates asthma risk loci in non-African populations

OLIVEIRA, Ricardo Riccio. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil. Michelle Daya1, Nicholas Rafaels1, Tonya M. Brunetti1, Sameer Chavan1, Albert M. Levin2, Aniket Shetty1, Christopher R. Gignoux1, Meher Preethi Boorgula1, Genevieve Wojcik 3, Monica Campbell1, Candelaria Vergara 4, Dara G. Torgerson5, Victor E. Ortega6, Ayo Doumatey7, Henry Richard Johnston8, Nathalie Acevedo9, Maria Ilma Araujo10, Pedro C. Avila 11, Gillian Belbin12, Eugene Bleecker13, Carlos Bustamante3, Luis Caraballo9, Alvaro Cruz14, Georgia M. Dunston15, Celeste Eng5, Mezbah U. Faruque16, Trevor S. Ferguson 17, Camila Figueiredo18, Jean G. Ford19, Weiniu Gan20, Pierre-Antoine Gourraud21, Nadia N. Hansel4, Ryan D. Hernandez22, Edwin Francisco Herrera-Paz 23,24, Silvia Jiménez9, Eimear E. Kenny12, Jennifer Knight-Madden17, Rajesh Kumar25, Leslie A. Lange1, Ethan M. Lange1, Antoine Lizee21, Pissamai Maul26, Trevor Maul26, Alvaro Mayorga27, Deborah Meyers13, Dan L. Nicolae28, Timothy D. O’Connor29, Ricardo Riccio Oliveira30, Christopher O. Olopade31, Olufunmilayo Olopade28, Zhaohui S. Qin 32, Charles Rotimi 7, Nicolas Vince 21, Harold Watson33, Rainford J. Wilks17, James G. Wilson34, Steven Salzberg 35, Carole Ober36, Esteban G. Burchard22, L. Keoki Williams37, Terri H. Beaty 38, Margaret A. Taub39, Ingo Ruczinski39, CAAPA, Rasika A. Mathias4 & Kathleen C. Barnes1, Ayola Akim Adegnika40, Ganiyu Arinola41, Ulysse Ateba-Ngoa40, Gerardo Ayestas23, Hilda Bjarnadóttir42, Adolfo Correa 43, Said Omar Leiva Erazo23, Marilyn G. Foreman44, Cassandra Foster4, Li Gao4, Jingjing Gao45, Leslie Grammer11, Mark Hansen46, Tina Hartert47, Yijuan Hu32, Iain Königsberg1, Kwang-Youn A. Kim 48, Pamela Landaverde-Torres23, Javier Marrugo49, Beatriz Martinez49, Rosella Martinez23, Luis F. Mayorga23, Delmy-Aracely Mejia-Mejia50, Catherine Meza49, Solomon Musani43, Shaila Musharoff3, Oluwafemi Oluwole28, Maria Pino-Yanes 5, Hector Ramos23, Allan Saenz23, Maureen Samms-Vaughan51, Robert Schleimer11, Alan F. Scott52, Suyash S. Shringarpure3, Wei Song29, Zachary A. Szpiech 22, Raul Torres 53, Gloria Varela23, Olga Marina Vasquez54, Francisco M. De La Vega3, Lorraine B. Ware47 & Maria Yazdanbakhsh 5. 1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. 2Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. 3Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. 4Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. 5Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. 6Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA. 7Center for Research on Genomics & Global Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. 8Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 9Institute for Immunological Research, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia 10Immunology Service, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 401110170, Brazil. 11Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. 12Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. 13Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. 14Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 401110170, Brazil. 15Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA. 16National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA. 17Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 00007, Jamaica. 18Departamento de Biorregulacao, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 401110170, Brazil. 19Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA. 20National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. 21Université de Nantes, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR, 1064ATIP-Avenir, Equipe 5, Nantes, France. 22Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. 23Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Honduras, San Pedro Sula 21102, Honduras. 24Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 25Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. 26Genetics and Epidemiology of Asthma in Barbados, The University of the West Indies, Chronic Disease Research Centre, Jemmots Lane, St. Michael BB11115, Barbados. 27Centro de Neumologia y Alergias, San Pedro Sula 21102, Honduras. 28Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. 29Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. 30Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil. 31Department of Medicine and Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. 32Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 33Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Bridgetown, St. Michael BB11000, Barbados. 34Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. 35Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. 36Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. 37Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. 38Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, JHU, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. 39Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, JHU, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. These authors contributed equally: Rasika A. Mathias, Kathleen C. Barnes.40Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, BP:242, Lambaréné 13901, Gabon. 41Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 900001, Nigeria. 42Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland. 43Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. 44Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA. 45Data and Statistical Sciences, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA. 46Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA 92122, USA. 47Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. 48Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. 49Instituto de Investigaciones Immunologicas, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130000, Colombia. 50Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), San Pedro Sula 21102, Honduras. 51Department of Child Health, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 00007, Jamaica. 52Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. 53Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. 54Centro Medico de la Familia, San Pedro Sula 21102, Honduras. 55Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 02333, NetherlandsSubmitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-03-25T16:18:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daya M Association study in African-admixed...2019.pdf: 1446713 bytes, checksum: ec386d63089da2ac2c2f15c4ef98f264 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-03-25T16:36:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Daya M Association study in African-admixed...2019.pdf: 1446713 bytes, checksum: ec386d63089da2ac2c2f15c4ef98f264 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T16:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daya M Association study in African-admixed...2019.pdf: 1446713 bytes, checksum: ec386d63089da2ac2c2f15c4ef98f264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Múltipla - ver em NotasAsthma is a complex disease with striking disparities across racial and ethnic groups. Despite its relatively high burden, representation of individuals of African ancestry in asthma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been inadequate, and true associations in these underrepresented minority groups have been inconclusive. We report the results of a genome-wide meta-analysis from the Consortium on Asthma among African Ancestry Populations (CAAPA; 7009 asthma cases, 7645 controls). We find strong evidence for association at four previously reported asthma loci whose discovery was driven largely by non-African populations, including the chromosome 17q12-q21 locus and the chr12q13 region, a novel (and not previously replicated) asthma locus recently identified by the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC). An additional seven loci reported by TAGC show marginal evidence for association in CAAPA. We also identify two novel loci (8p23 and 8q24) that may be specific to asthma risk in African ancestry populations