Visões de futuro em Freire e Dewey: perspectivas interculturais das matrizes (pós)coloniais das Américas

Este artigo oferece uma análise comparada das visões de futuro que representam legados fundamentais nas obras de John Dewey e Paulo Freire, tendo em conta os diversos contextos culturais e epistemológicos que constituíram os cenários intelectuais e as bagagens socio-históricas das obras desses autores. As suas visões de futuro são aqui abordadas numa perspetiva intercultural, no enquadramento de duas matrizes (pós) coloniais diferentes incorporadas pelas Américas do Norte e do Sul. Este artigo tenta desvendar os substratos históricos, políticos e sociais que alteram a forma e a essência da retórica e da ideologia que presidem a esses dois marcos conceptuais e académicos de referência no campo da educação e da pedagogia no século XX. Finalmente, procura dar ênfase aos valiosos legados teórico-práticos desses dois filósofos-educadores para a ideia de futuro nas políticas de educação e nas práticas pedagógicas dos sistemas educativos das sociedades cosmopolitas do século XXI.This article offers a comparative analysis of John Dewey’s and Paulo Freire’s visions of the future, as a fundamental legacy of their work, having in mind the different cultural and epistemological environments that constituted the intellectual backdrop and socio-historical baggage of their works. Their visions of the future are here also approached from an intercultural perspective within the framework of two different (post)colonial matrices embodied by North and South Americas. This article attempts to unveil the underlying historical, political and social substrata influencing the form and essence of the rhetoric and ideology of such conceptual and academic frameworks of reference in the field of education and pedagogy in the 20th century. Finally, the valuable theoretical-practical legacies of both philosophers of education are here emphasized for the purpose of an idea of future in the educational policies and pedagogical practices of cosmopolitan societies of the 21st century

O diálogo intercultural entre Freire & Dewey: O Sul e o Norte nas matrizes (pós)-coloniais das Américas

Este artigo empreende uma análise intercultural dos textos de Paulo Freire e John Dewey, tendo em conta os seus contextos culturais e epistemológicos, no enquadramento de duas matrizes (pós)-coloniais distintas, que constituíram os cenários intelectuais e as bagagens sócio-históricas das obras desses autores. Procura, assim, acrescentar uma perspectiva intercultural e pós-colonial sobre os seus fundamentos filosóficos e epistemológicos aos estudos comparativos das suas obras que se têm concentrado apenas nos seus axiomas em relação à educação e à pedagogia como se constituíssem universais culturais e epistemológicos. Desse modo, tenciona recuperar os seus legados teórico-práticos para as pedagogias interculturais de uma educação para a cidadania nas sociedades cosmopolitas contemporâneas.This article undertakes an intercultural analysis of Paulo Freire’s and John Dewey’s texts, having in mind their cultural and epistemological contexts, within the framework of two distinct (post)colonial matrices, that constituted the intellectual backcloth and the sociohistorical baggage of both authors’ works. It intends to add an intercultural and postcolonial perspective about their philosophical and epistemological foundations to the comparative studies that have merely focused on their axioms related to education and pedagogy as if they were cultural and epistemological universals. Therefore, it attempts to recuperate their theoretical and practical legacies for the purpose of the intercultural pedagogies of citizenship education in contemporary cosmopolitan societies.Cet article fait une analyse interculturelle des textes de Paulo Freire et John Dewey en tenant compte leurs contextes culturelles et épistémologiques, par reférénce à deux matrices post (coloniales) distinctes qui ont constitué les scénarios intellectuels et les bagages socio-historiques de ces auteurs. On essaye d’ajouter une perspective interculturelle et postcolonial sur leurs fondements philosophiques et epistemologiques vis à vis les études comparatives concentrés seulement dans leurs theories educatives et pédagogiques comme si celles-ci étaient des universels culturels et epistemologiques. Enfin, nous cherchons de mettre en évidence cet héritage inestimable pour les pédagogies interculturelles d’une éducation pour la citoyennneté dans les sociétés cosmopolites contemporaines

Visões de futuro em Freire e Dewey: perspectivas interculturais das matrizes (pós)coloniais das Américas

This article offers a comparative analysis of John Dewey’s and Paulo Freire’s visions of the future, as a fundamental legacy of their work, having in mind the different cultural and epistemological environments that constituted the intellectual backdrop and socio-historical baggage of their works. Their visions of the future are here also approached from an intercultural perspective within the framework of two different (post)colonial matrices embodied by North and South Americas. This article attempts to unveil the underlying historical, political and social substrata influencing the form and essence of the rhetoric and ideology of such conceptual and academic frameworks of reference in the field of education and pedagogy in the 20th century. Finally, the valuable theoretical-practical legacies of both philosophers of education are here emphasized for the purpose of an idea of future in the educational policies and pedagogical practices of cosmopolitan societies of the 21st century

Visões de futuro em Freire e Dewey: perspectivas interculturais das matrizes (pós)coloniais das Américas

This article offers a comparative analysis of John Dewey’s and Paulo Freire’s visions of the future, as a fundamental legacy of their work, having in mind the different cultural and epistemological environments that constituted the intellectual backdrop and socio-historical baggage of their works. Their visions of the future are here also approached from an intercultural perspective within the framework of two different (post)colonial matrices embodied by North and South Americas. This article attempts to unveil the underlying historical, political and social substrata influencing the form and essence of the rhetoric and ideology of such conceptual and academic frameworks of reference in the field of education and pedagogy in the 20th century. Finally, the valuable theoretical-practical legacies of both philosophers of education are here emphasized for the purpose of an idea of future in the educational policies and pedagogical practices of cosmopolitan societies of the 21st century

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline