Well-being of suckling calves under two different rearing systems: case study in the central milk basin of Argentina

En el presente trabajo se llevo a cabo un estudio de caso con enfoque cuantitativo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el bienestar en teneros lechales durante la época invernal bajo dos diferentes sistemas de crianza, que se utilizan en la zona. Los terneros, se alojaron en dos sistemas: en estaca los machos y en jaula las hembras. Los animales recibieron dos tomas diarias de leche (4 l/día), balanceado iniciador y agua ad libitum. Se registraron pesos iníciales y finales. La ganancia de peso se analizó mediante técnicas estadísticas descriptivas. Se tomaron muestra de saliva para determinar cortisol (CS) en cuatro momentos del día. Los datos fueron analizados para detectar variaciones horarias. El CS no mostró fluctuaciones diarias. Durante quince días y día por medio, se registraron las conductas: parado, echado, comiendo y otras. La metodología de observación y registro utilizada fue el muestreo de barrido a intervalos regulares. Los datos de analizaron con la prueba del c2. El efecto tratamiento fue significativo sobre el comportamiento (p<0,01). Los animales de los dos sistemas gastaron el 50% del tiempo en la conducta de reposo.Well-being of suckling calves under two different rearing systems. Case study in the central milk basin of Argentina. In this paper we conducted a case study with quantitative approach. The aim of this study was to assess welfare in suckling calves during the winter season under two different rearing systems, which are used in the area. Calves were housed in two systems: a stake in males and females cage. All animals received 4 L milk per day, in two servings. Water and a commercial starter were offered ad libitum. Initial and final weights were recorded, weight gain was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Saliva samples were taken at four times over the day, to analyze saliva cortisol (SC). Data were analyzed for time variations. Neither daily fluctuations in SC concentrations nor system effects were detected in SC concentrations. Different behaviors: standing, lying, eating and "others" were observed every other day over a fortnight. Scan sampling at regular intervals was utilized. Data were analyzed by a c2 test. Systems effects were observed on behavioral conducts (p<0.01). Animals in both systems spent 50% of their time lying.Fil: Leva, Paula Edit. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García, M. S.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Toffoli Arnaudo, Guillermo Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, A. G.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Florencia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

La unidad de producción familiar caprina: promotora del avance socioeconómico en la Mixteca Poblana, México

The present work establishes that the family production unit (UPF) goats, represents the form of basic support in the various socio-economic activities of the Mixteca Puebla. Since through the various transformations of goat production, establishing the platform of a savings and consumption economy, which sustains and benefits the community life in the region. The objective was to: Determine the goat family production unit in promoting socio-economic progress of the Mixteca Puebla in Mexico. We used a questionnaire type survey as an interview, covering social, economic and zootechnical established in the structural model proposed by Raj. The results show in education for family members of the UPF goats, certain significant levels for middle and high school, 10 Tehuaxtla UPF of 50 % reached in the high school level, 73 % of farmers receive funds from the United States and the 27 % do not have this funding. Finally, within zootechnical activity, cost of production / goats $121.05 and net profit / goats reached$ 679.57 showing a standard deviation of ± 85.58 , relative to other indicators of production within the system used in the Mixteca region of Puebla.El presente trabajo establece que la unidad de producción familiar (UPF) caprina, representa la forma de manutención básica en las distintas actividades socioeconómicas de la Mixteca Poblana. Ya que a través de las diferentes transformaciones de la producción caprina, se crea la plataforma de una economía de ahorro y autoconsumo, la cual sustenta y beneficia la vida comunitaria en esa región. El objetivo fue: Determinar a la unidad de producción familiar caprina como promotora del avance socioeconómico de la Mixteca Poblana en México. Se empleó una encuesta tipo cuestionario en forma de entrevista, abarcando aspectos sociales, económicos y zootécnicos establecidos en el modelo estructural propuesto por Raj. Los resultados arrojan en cuanto a educación para los integrantes familiares de las UPF caprinas, ciertos niveles significativos para secundaria y bachillerato; 10 UPF de Tehuaxtla alcanzaron 50% en el nivel bachillerato; 73% de los productores reciben recursos de Estados Unidos de Norteamérica y el 27% restante no tienen este financiamiento. Finalmente, dentro de la actividad zootécnica, tienen un costo de producción/caprino de $121,05 y su beneficio neto/caprino alcanzo$ 679,57 mostrando una desviación estándar de ±85.58, en relación a otros indicadores productivos dentro del sistema empleado en la región Mixteca de Puebla

Un proyecto de educación masiva de calidad

Algunos autores convergen sobre la idea de masividad como acceso formal a las universidades y acceso real al conocimiento, aunque para ser posible esto último, es necesario que exista un alto grado de calidad en la educación. La introducción a la noción de masividad o inclusión cambia el eje de discusión al reconocer que la sociedad no es homogénea, y la diversidad constituye un componente a ser revalorizado. El presente informe contempla el análisis y estudio de la relación de los conceptos de calidad y masividad dentro de la Educación Universitaria, observando particularmente el caso de La Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, que ha sabido correlacionar estos conceptos. El ingreso directo a la mayor parte de las Instituciones de Educación Superior públicas en Argentina, junto a la gratuidad de las mismas son factores considerados por sí mismos políticas inclusivas en sentido amplio. Según el Centro de Estudios de la Educación Argentina, en 2015 las Universidades incrementaron el promedio de graduados. Particularmente, este trabajo pone de manifiesto que en la UNLaM la concurrencia masiva de alumnos no ha ido en detrimento de la calidad -tanto educativa como de gestión-de esta Casa de Altos Estudios, contrariamente a lo que habitualmente ocurre.Fil: Narváez, Jorge Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Pepe, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Carro, Roberto Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Narváez, Adriana Haydee. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: García, Adrián Rafael. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Bombino, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Cinquegrani, Clara Irma. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Spósitto, Verónica Andrea. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Narváez, Gabriela Andrea. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Giulianelli, Juan Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Mouta, Silvina Raquel. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina.Fil: Pera, Florencia S. Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas; Argentina

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia

Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of diversity (including geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex and neurodegeneration) on the brain-age gap is unknown. We analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) and 8 non-LAC countries). Based on higher-order interactions, we developed a brain-age gap deep learning architecture for functional magnetic resonance imaging (2,953) and electroencephalography (2,353). The datasets comprised healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. LAC models evidenced older brain ages (functional magnetic resonance imaging: mean directional error = 5.60, root mean square error (r.m.s.e.) = 11.91; electroencephalography: mean directional error = 5.34, r.m.s.e. = 9.82) associated with frontoposterior networks compared with non-LAC models. Structural socioeconomic inequality, pollution and health disparities were influential predictors of increased brain-age gaps, especially in LAC (R² = 0.37, F² = 0.59, r.m.s.e. = 6.9). An ascending brain-age gap from healthy controls to mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease was found. In LAC, we observed larger brain-age gaps in females in control and Alzheimer disease groups compared with the respective males. The results were not explained by variations in signal quality, demographics or acquisition methods. These findings provide a quantitative framework capturing the diversity of accelerated brain aging.</p

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations

Peer reviewe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat