Assimetria morfofuncional de jovens tenistas em diferentes estágios de maturação somática

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2015O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características antropométricas e neuromusculares de jovens tenistas, buscando identificar possíveis assimetrias de membros superiores. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do presente estudo 21 jovens jogadores de tênis do sexo masculino, com idades entre 11 e 18 anos, que competiam, no mínimo, a nível regional. Os tenistas foram submetidos, em dias diferentes, aos seguintes procedimentos: 1) avaliação antropométrica para determinação do estágio de maturação somatica e determinação das variáveis de tamanho corporal (estatura e massa corporal), composição corporal, circunferência de antebraço (CIRCANTEBRAÇO) volume muscular de antebraço (VOLANTEBRAÇO), braço (VOLBRAÇO) e total (VOLTOTAL) de ambos os lados; e 2) avaliação isocinética para determinação do pico de torque de rotação interna (PTRI), pico de torque de rotação externa (PTRE) e da razão convencional de rotadores de ombro (PTRE/RI) em ambos os lados. Os dados foram apresentados como média e desvio-padrão (ou erro-padrão), sendo verificada a normalidade dos dados por meio do teste de Shapiro Wilk. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a distância de atingimento do pico de velocidade em estatura (PVE): PRÉPVE (antes de atingir o PVE) e PÓSPVE (que já atingiu o PVE). As diferenças entre os lados dominante e não dominante e entre os grupos foram verificadas a partir da ANOVA (Modelo Misto), tendo como medidas repetidas os lados (dominante vs. não dominante) e como variação entre sujeitos o grupo maturacional (PRÉPVE vs. PÓSPVE). As análises foram realizadas no pacote estatístico SPSS. Para todas as análises foi utilizado pAbtract : To verify the morphological and functional upper limb asymmetries inyouthtennis players. Material and Methods: 21 male tennis players from 11 to 18 years volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were submitted in two different days to performthe following proceedings: 1) anthropometric assessment to determine the maturity offset, the body size variables (body mass and stature), body composition, forearm circumference (CIRCFOREARM), forearm (VOLFOREARM), arm (VOLARM) and total (VOLTOTAL) arm volumes from the dominant and nondominant sides; and 2) isokinetic strength assessment for determining the concentric peak torque of internal (PTIR) and external (PTER) shoulder rotation and the conventional ratio of external/internal shoulder strength from the dominant and nondominant sides. The data is presented as mean and standard deviation (or standard error), with normality being verified by using Shapiro Wilk test. The sample was divided into two groups according to their distance to peak height velocity (PHV) attainment: PREPHV (before the PHV) and POSTPHV (after PHV). It was used an ANOVA (Mixed Model) to verify the differences between dominant and nondominant sides and between groups. All the data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package software. The significance level of p<0.05 was used for all tests. Results: Both maturity groups revealed upper limb morphological asymmetries, even after controlling the effects of chronological age (CA) and body mass (BM). The PREPHV group had significant lower CIRCFOREARM, VOLFOREARM, VOLARM and VOLTOTAL comparing to POSTPHV. However, these differences were not observed after using CA and BM as covariates. Among the morphological asymmetries evaluated, only CIRCFOREARM has showed significant association with maturity offset. Furthermore, regarding the functional shoulder features, onlythe POSTPHV has shown PTIR asymmetry, even when controlling CA and BM effects. Nevertheless, both groups had higher PTER on the dominant side when comparing to contralateral side. Although the greater PTER on dominant side, the PTIR seems to influence the ER/IRRATIO, as this variable was lower on the dominant side only for POSTPHV group. Conclusion: Maturity offset, more precisely, the PHV seems to be an important factor influencing the shoulder internal rotation strength as a tennis demanding adaptation. Despite the increased shoulder external rotation strength and upper limb volumes on the dominant side for both groups, the conventional shoulder rotation strength ratio was lower on the dominant side for POSTPHV group. Although the mean value of ER/IRRATIO has been considered in a safe range for the stability of shoulder joint, it highlights the importance of assessing and monitoring regularly the shoulder rotators strength of young tennis players, especially during the puberty in the sense of identify a strength imbalance development on the shoulder rotator and consequently, to avoid injury risk on the dominant rotator cuff

Comparação antropométrica e somatotípica de jovens tenistas a partir da lateralidade

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar e comparar o perfil antropométrico e somatotípico de&nbsp;jovens tenistas classificados em dois grupos maturacionais. Também foi objetivo comparar as variáveis&nbsp;antropométricas entre os lados dominante e não-dominante, e comparar o perfil somatotípico calculado&nbsp;a partir de medidas obtidas nos lados dominante e não-dominante. A amostra foi composta por 23&nbsp;jogadores de tênis do sexo masculino com idades entre 11-17 anos. Os participantes foram classificados&nbsp;em dois grupos a partir do cálculo da distância do pico de velocidade de crescimento em estatura (PVE).&nbsp;Os jogadores que apresentaram valor do PVE inferior a 0 foram incluídos ao grupo denominado PRÉPVE (n=9), enquanto os sujeitos com valor maior ou igual à 0 foram classificados como PÓSPVE (n=14).&nbsp;As variáveis antropométricas e os componentes do somatotipo foram calculadas a partir de medidas&nbsp;obtidas em ambos os lados do corpo. Foram observadas assimetrias (diferença significante entre os&nbsp;lados) de diâmetro ósseo de punho e dobra cutânea tricipital no grupo PÓSPVE, assimetrias de diâmetro&nbsp;ósseo de úmero e perímetro de braço contraído em ambos os grupos. O somatotipo médio calculado&nbsp;para o lado dominante do grupo PRÉPVE foi 2,9 – 4,5 – 3,7 e para o lado não-dominante 3,0 – 4,3 – 3,7,&nbsp;ambos classificados como ectomesomorfo. O grupo PÓSPVE para o lado dominante foi classificado como&nbsp;ectomesomorfo (2,8 – 4,4 – 3,5), e o lado não-dominante como mesomorfo-ectomorfo (2,9 – 4,0 – 3,5).&nbsp;Em esportes com predominância unilateral deve-se ter cautela no cálculo do somatotipo a partir dolado direito, como é proposto originalmente, podendo levar a uma interpretação equivocada do perfil&nbsp;somatotípico do atleta, especialmente para aqueles com maturação somática avançada

Efeitos da estimulação tatil-cinestésica e vestibular no recém-nascido de baixo peso e avaliação da melhor técnica: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Effects of tactile-kinesthetic and vestibular stimulation in low weight newborns and evaluation of best technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Durante anos a prematuridade tem se tornado um grande desafio dentro das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN), pois afeta o desenvolvimento e crescimento dos recém-nascidos (RN) decorrendo de deficiências que começariam a assumir funções normais para sua idade. A estimulação precoce tem como objetivo, devolver ao RN, seu desenvolvimento perfeito ou chegar o mais próximo da normalidade, utilizando condutas especificas, pois logo após o nascimento o cérebro apresenta uma intensa neuroplasticidade. A estimulação tátil-cinestésica proporciona ao RNPTBP, ganho de peso diário e redução do tempo de internação, pois para o recém-nascido a estimulação tátil nos seus primeiros dias de vida é maior do que qualquer outro estímulo sensorial. O objetivo do presente trabalho, foi analisar os efeitos da técnica de estimulação tátil-cinestésica com os efeitos da estimulação vestibular no recém-nascido pré-termo de baixo peso, para fazer uma comparação sobre qual será a melhor para ser aplicada no RNPTBP dentro da UTIN. Este estudo foi realizado de acordo com as recomendações dos relatórios de análises sistemáticas e metanálises (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- analyses PRISMA). Foram realizadas buscas nas seguintes bases de dados: LiLASC, SCOPUS, PUBMED, PEDro, MEDLINE, Web of Science; Cochrane Libary e Google Scholar. Os períodos abrangidos da pesquisa foram a partir do ano de 2.015 até o ano de 2020. Com base nas análises realizadas neste presente estudo é incontestável que a assistência à neonatos devem ser realizada de forma criteriosa e atenta as necessidades individuais de cada um, pois se essa assistência for prestada de forma inadequada, omissa, e deficiente ao recém-nascido, principalmente em condição prematura e de baixo peso, devido ao seu alto grau de vulnerabilidade, poderá acarretar sérias consequências em seu desenvolvimento que influenciará, por toda a sua vida

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe