Paleoseismological data from a new trench across the El Camp Fault(Catalan Coastal Ranges, NE Iberian Peninsula)

The El Camp Fault (Catalan Coastal Ranges, NE Iberian Peninsula) is a slow slipping normal fault whose seismic potential has only recently been recognised. New geomorphic and trench investigations were carried out during a training course across the El Camp Fault at the La Porquerola alluvial fan site. A new trench (trench 8) was dug close to a trench made previously at this site (trench 4). With the aid of two long topographic profiles across the fault scarp we obtained a vertical slip rate ranging between 0.05 and 0.08 mm/yr. At the trench site, two main faults, which can be correlated between trenches 8 and 4, make up the fault zone. Using trench analysis three paleoseismic events were identified, two between 34.000 and 125.000 years BP (events 3 and 2) and another event younger than 13 500 years BP (event 1), which can be correlated, respectively, with events X (50.000- 125.000 years BP), Y (35.000-50.000 years BP) and Z (3000-25.000 years BP). The last seismic event at the La Porquerola alluvial fan site is described for the first time, but with some uncertainties

Grinder: a versatile amplicon and shotgun sequence simulator

We introduce Grinder (http://sourceforge.net/ projects/biogrinder/), an open-source bioinformatic tool to simulate amplicon and shotgun (genomic, metagenomic, transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic) datasets from reference sequences. This is the first tool to simulate amplicon datasets (e.g. 16S rRNA) widely used by microbial ecologists. Grinder can create sequence libraries with a specific community structure, α and β diversities and experimental biases (e.g. chimeras, gene copy number variation) for commonly used sequencing platforms. This versatility allows the creation of simple to complex read datasets necessary for hypothesis testing when developing bioinformatic software, benchmarking existing tools or designing sequence-based experiments. Grinder is particularly useful for simulating clinical or environmental microbial communities and complements the use of in vitro mock communities

KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH SECARA KONSISTEN UNTUK MENCEGAH KEBOCORAN PENGGUNAAN KEUANGAN NEGARA BERDASARKAN KEPPRES RI NO. 80 TAHUN 2003 jo. PERPRES RI NO. 54 TAHUN 2010

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana prinsip-prinsip umum serta asas pengelolaan keuangan Negara dan sejauhmana pakta integritas pengadaan barang dan jasa untuk mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan yang bersih berdasarkan Keppres No. 80 Tahun 2003, jo Perpres No. 54 Tahun 2010.  Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Prinsip keuangan Negara; Dikelola secara tertib dan taat pada peraturan. Pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan APBN setiap tahun. APBN dan APBD mempunyai fungsi otoritas. Surplus penerimaan negara daerah dapat digunakan untuk membiayai pengeluaran negara/daerah, dll. Asas umum pengelolaan keuangan Negara; Asas Tahunan, Asas Universalitas, Asas Akuntabilitas, Asas Profesionalitas, Asas Keterbukaan, Asas Pemeriksaan Keuangan oleh Badan Pemeriksa yang bebas dan mandiri. 2. Pengaturan pakta integritas pada pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan yang baik dan bersih (good governance and clean government). Namun yang lebih penting adalah penerapan materi dari ikrar untuk mencegah dan tidak melakukan kolusi, korupsi dan nepotisme sebagaimana tertuang dalam pakta integritas.Kata kunci: Kajian Hukum, Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah,Konsisten, Kebocoran Penggunaan Keuangan Negara

HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN ORANG TUA DAN ANAK DITINJAU DARI PASAL 45 juncto 46 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hak-hak anak sebagai generasi penerus bangsa Indonesia dan bagaimana hak dan kewajiban orang tua dan anak menurut Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative, disimpulkan: 1. Anak adalah bagian dari generasi muda sebagai salah satu sumber daya manusia yang merupakan potensi dan penerus cita-cita perjuangan bangsa. Anak berhak atas hak hidup dan hak merdeka sebagai hak dasar dan kebebasan dasar tidak dapat dilenyapkan atau dihilangkan, tetapi harus dilindungi dan diperluas hak atas hidup dan hak merdeka tersebut. Karena hak asasi anak tersebut adalah merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia yang mendapat jaminan dan perlindungan hukum baik hukum nasional maupun hukum internasional. Anak berhak pula mendapatkan perlindungan dari gangguan-gangguan yang datang dari luar maupun dari anak itu sendiri dari keluarga, masyarakat bahkan negara sendiri. 2. Hak dan kewajiban antara orang tua dan anak saling timbali balik yaitu kedua orang tua wajib memelihara dan mendidik anak-anak mereka sebaik-baiknya, sampai anak itu kawin atau dapat berdiri sendiri, kewajiban mana berlaku terus meskipun perkawinan antara kedua orang tua putus. Orang tua dapat mewakili dalam suatu perbuatan hukum terhadap apa yang dilakukan oleh anak yang masih dalam kekuasaannya karena anak belum mencapai 18 tahun/belum dewasa atau belum pernah menikah. Sedangkan seorang anak wajib menghormati orang tua dan mentaati kehendak mereka yang baik. Ketika kelak seorang anak yang telah dianggap dewasa, memiliki kewajiban memelihara kewajibannya sesuai dengan kemampuannya terhadap orang tua dan keluarganya.Kata kunci:  Hak dan Kewajiban, Orang Tua dan Anak

Strain- and plasmid-level deconvolution of a synthetic metagenome by sequencing proximity ligation products

Metagenomics is a valuable tool for the study of microbial communities but has been limited by the difficulty of “binning” the resulting sequences into groups corresponding to the individual species and strains that constitute the community. Moreover, there are presently no methods to track the flow of mobile DNA elements such as plasmids through communities or to determine which of these are co-localized within the same cell. We address these limitations by applying Hi-C, a technology originally designed for the study of three-dimensional genome structure in eukaryotes, to measure the cellular co-localization of DNA sequences. We leveraged Hi-C data generated from a simple synthetic metagenome sample to accurately cluster metagenome assembly contigs into groups that contain nearly complete genomes of each species. The Hi-C data also reliably associated plasmids with the chromosomes of their host and with each other. We further demonstrated that Hi-C data provides a long-range signal of strain-specific genotypes, indicating such data may be useful for high-resolution genotyping of microbial populations. Our work demonstrates that Hi-C sequencing data provide valuable information for metagenome analyses that are not currently obtainable by other methods. This metagenomic Hi-C method could facilitate future studies of the fine-scale population structure of microbes, as well as studies of how antibiotic resistance plasmids (or other genetic elements) mobilize in microbial communities. The method is not limited to microbiology; the genetic architecture of other heterogeneous populations of cells could also be studied with this technique

Genome landscapes and bacteriophage codon usage

Across all kingdoms of biological life, protein-coding genes exhibit unequal usage of synonmous codons. Although alternative theories abound, translational selection has been accepted as an important mechanism that shapes the patterns of codon usage in prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes. Here we analyze patterns of codon usage across 74 diverse bacteriophages that infect E. coli, P. aeruginosa and L. lactis as their primary host. We introduce the concept of a `genome landscape,' which helps reveal non-trivial, long-range patterns in codon usage across a genome. We develop a series of randomization tests that allow us to interrogate the significance of one aspect of codon usage, such a GC content, while controlling for another aspect, such as adaptation to host-preferred codons. We find that 33 phage genomes exhibit highly non-random patterns in their GC3-content, use of host-preferred codons, or both. We show that the head and tail proteins of these phages exhibit significant bias towards host-preferred codons, relative to the non-structural phage proteins. Our results support the hypothesis of translational selection on viral genes for host-preferred codons, over a broad range of bacteriophages.Comment: 9 Color Figures, 5 Tables, 53 Reference

Implementasi Kebijakan Dana Desa Tahun 2021 Di Desa Kakenturan Kecamatan Modoinding Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan dana di Desa Kakenturan Kecamatan Modoinding Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan tahun 2021. Undang-undang nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang desa dan turunannya juga memberikan suatu jaminan pada setiap desa di Indonesia akan menerima kucuran dana desa dari pemerintah melalui APBN dengan mekanisme pencairan dana dari pusat ke seluruh kabupaten kemudian di transfer ke rekening desa dengan jumlah yang berlipat ganda, jauh lebih banyak dari anggaran dana untuk desa tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Kebijakan dari Undang-undang desa ini mempunyai konsekuensi terhadap proses pengelolaan yang semestinya dalam pengimplementasiannya dilaksanakan secara akuntabel, profesional, efektif, efisien, dan transparan, serta didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip manajemen publik yang baik untuk terhindar dari adanya penyimpangan, penyelewengan dan tindakan korupsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dari aspek komunikasi terkait implementasi Dana Desa di Kakenturan dapat dikatakan baik, dimana para pelaksana memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat terkait anggaran yang ada Dari aspek sumberdaya yang digunakan dalam implementasi dana desa di desa Kakenturan yakni : staf, keuangan, informasi, kewenangan. Namun dari sisi kualitas, masih perlu ditingkatkan untuk penyelenggaraan anggaran yang cukup besar tersebut.   Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Kebijakan, Dana Desa &nbsp

Pendugaan Volume, Biomassa dan Cadangan Karbon di Atas Permukaan Tanah Pada Kawasan Hutan Desa Lampo Kecamatan Banawa Tengah Kabupaten Donggala

Biomass is the mass of the living vegetation, which also plays an important role in the carbon cycle. Meanwhile, carbon stock is the carbon content stored either on the soil surface as plant biomass, necromass, or in the soil as soil organic matter. Before counting the biomass and carbon stock, we have to count the volume in the tree first. The purpose of this research was to estimate the volume, biomass and aboveground carbon stock stored in the Village Forest area in Lampo Village. This research was conducted for three months, from July 2020 - September 2020 in the Forest Area in Lampo Village, Banawa Tengah District, Donggala Regency. The results of this research showed that the total volume of vegetation in the Lampo Village Forest was 140.17 m³ / ha (trees) and 9.86 m³ / ha (poles); vegetation biomass in Lampo Village Forest is 137.09 tonnes / ha (trees) and 10.00 tonnes / ha (poles); and carbon reserves in Lampo Village Forest are 68.55 tonnes / ha (trees) and 5.00 tonnes / ha (poles). The dominant species group is Bayur (Pterospermum javanicum), of the 8 identified stands.Keywords: Allometrics, Biomass, Carbon Stoc

Ecological and Evolutionary Benefits of Temperate Phage: What Does or Doesn't Kill You Makes You Stronger

Infection by a temperate phage can lead to death of the bacterial cell, but sometimes these phages integrate into the bacterial chromosome, offering the potential for a more long-lasting relationship to be established. Here we define three major ecological and evolutionary benefits of temperate phage for bacteria: as agents of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), as sources of genetic variation for evolutionary innovation, and as weapons of bacterial competition. We suggest that a coevolutionary perspective is required to understand the roles of temperate phages in bacterial populations

MetaPalette: a k-mer Painting Approach for Metagenomic Taxonomic Profiling and Quantification of Novel Strain Variation

Metagenomic profiling is challenging in part because of the highly uneven sampling of the tree of life by genome sequencing projects and the limitations imposed by performing phylogenetic inference at fixed taxonomic ranks. We present the algorithm MetaPalette, which uses long k-mer sizes (k = 30, 50) to fit a k-mer “palette” of a given sample to the k-mer palette of reference organisms. By modeling the k-mer palettes of unknown organisms, the method also gives an indication of the presence, abundance, and evolutionary relatedness of novel organisms present in the sample. The method returns a traditional, fixed-rank taxonomic profile which is shown on independently simulated data to be one of the most accurate to date. Tree figures are also returned that quantify the relatedness of novel organisms to reference sequences, and the accuracy of such figures is demonstrated on simulated spike-ins and a metagenomic soil sample. The software implementing MetaPalette is available at: https://github.com/dkoslicki/MetaPalette. Pretrained databases are included for Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and viruses