Unplanned postdischarge healthcare utilisation, discharge readiness, and perceived quality of teaching in mothers of neonates hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit: A descriptive and correlational study.

Discharge teaching has been positively associated with discharge readiness in various care settings and patient types. Association of discharge readiness with unplanned use of health services has not received as much attention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population, but has been negatively associated in parents of older children. The objective of the study was to describe and assess relationships between maternal readiness for neonates' discharge, discharge teaching, and unplanned use of health services after discharge from an NICU. Mothers from an NICU of a tertiary referral hospital in Switzerland completed the "Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale" and the "Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale parental forms" in the 24 h preceding discharge. Telephone interviews evaluating the unplanned use of health services were conducted 28 days after discharge. Simple linear regressions and multiple regressions were used to explore the links between the readiness, perceived quality of discharge, and unplanned use of health services. Of the 71 participants, 75% (n = 53%) felt ready for discharge when asked directly, and for 60% (n = 42) of them, the amount of discharge teaching received was equal to or higher than that needed, but with high heterogeneity in scores. For 38% of mothers (n = 27), the expected support from the medical care of their child after discharge was deemed insufficient. In the month after discharge, unplanned use of health services occurred in 46% of the participants (n = 32). Perceived quality of teaching positively predicted readiness for discharge (R <sup>2</sup> = 0.24, p = 0.0004). Unplanned use of health services correlated neither with readiness nor with perceived teaching quality. At discharge, mothers felt mostly ready and well prepared to go home. In the month after discharge, almost half used health services in an unplanned manner. Further exploration of reasons leading to this high rate of postdischarge healthcare utilisation is warranted

NAIP proteins are required for cytosolic detection of specific bacterial ligands in vivo.

NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain [NBD] leucine-rich repeat [LRR]-containing proteins) exhibit diverse functions in innate and adaptive immunity. NAIPs (NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory proteins) are NLRs that appear to function as cytosolic immunoreceptors for specific bacterial proteins, including flagellin and the inner rod and needle proteins of bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs). Despite strong biochemical evidence implicating NAIPs in specific detection of bacterial ligands, genetic evidence has been lacking. Here we report the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to generate Naip1(-/-) and Naip2(-/-) mice, as well as Naip1-6(Δ/Δ) mice lacking all functional Naip genes. By challenging Naip1(-/-) or Naip2(-/-) mice with specific bacterial ligands in vivo, we demonstrate that Naip1 is uniquely required to detect T3SS needle protein and Naip2 is uniquely required to detect T3SS inner rod protein, but neither Naip1 nor Naip2 is required for detection of flagellin. Previously generated Naip5(-/-) mice retain some residual responsiveness to flagellin in vivo, whereas Naip1-6(Δ/Δ) mice fail to respond to cytosolic flagellin, consistent with previous biochemical data implicating NAIP6 in flagellin detection. Our results provide genetic evidence that specific NAIP proteins function to detect specific bacterial proteins in vivo

Could faults provide conduits for fluid escape? New field data in the vicinity of the Otway International Test Centre

Introduction It is well known that faults affect fluid movement within the subsurface and this can have a host of implications for the measurement, monitoring, and verification of subsurface technologies (e.g., carbon capture and storage (CCS), energy storage, geothermal energy, and radioactive waste disposal). Faults are an important control on the escape of fluids from depth (e.g., Dockrill and Shipton, 2010). It is therefore important to consider the potential effect of faults in the shallow overburden to any future CCS sites. However, there is very little data on fault architecture in shallow sediments, and consequently their effect on fluid flow is far less well understood than flow through faults at hydrocarbon reservoir depths. In early 2024, a novel field trial injection will be conducted at the CO2CRC Otway International Test Centre (OITC), located in southern Victoria, Australia (Figure 1). The injection will involve a small volume of CO2 (~10 t) being injected into the Brumbys Fault, which will be monitored using various surface and downhole monitoring techniques (Tenthorey et al., 2022), to provide data on the transport of CO2 through shallow faults. The 1.2km long Brumbys Fault is hosted in the Miocene Port Campbell Limestone (PCL) carbonate sequence that outcrops across southern Victoria, with varying thickness from ~30m to 270m (Radke et al., 2022). Brumbys Fault has been interpreted as a strike-slip fault, due to its near-vertical dip (~80°), small throw (2-4m), and favorable orientation to the present-day stress (~30° from the maximum horizontal stress) (Feitz et al., 2018). However, there are no convincing surface markers indicating horizontal displacement. To reduce the uncertainty regarding the fault kinematics, we attempt to reconcile the styles of faulting observed in nearby field exposures with the observations made at the OITC boreholes. Method The Port Campbell Limestone is exposed in coastal cliffs, from Childers Cove in the west (38.489101, 142.672736) to Gibson Beach in the east (-38.674070, 143.117769) and inland in Kurdeez quarry (Figure 1). Access to the cliff faces is limited due to the lack of access points and tides, precluding the collection of detailed field data therefore most field observations were made from adjacent cliffs and tourist lookout spots where available. Results Reverse faulting (1-2m throw) was observed along coastal outcrops (Figure 2) in the eastern portion of field area: outcrops examined west of Port Campbell did not exhibit any faulting. Reverse features had a strike ~50-60°, which is consistent with the maximum horizontal stress direction (~142°). There is some evidence of large vertical fractures (10s m vertical extent) that could be associated with strike slip movement, but horizontal offset could not be seen in cliff and quarry outcrops due to limitations is 3D accessibility of features. These features had a strike of either ~105-110° or ~170-175°. Smaller, more localized vertical and sub-vertical fractures striking ~175° are confined to individual layers within the PCL, highlighting the variation in mechanical properties within different sections of the PCL sequence. At Kurdeez quarry, the PCL is significantly less consolidated compared to the coastal outcrops, which is similar to the rock core retrieved from the Brumbys-1, 2 and 3 wells. Spatial variations in diagenetic or depositional history have influenced the mechanical properties of the PCL and may in turn have influenced the fault formation. Conclusions There is a spatial variation in the location and type of faulting in the study area: eastern coastal areas host reverse faulting, whereas western coastal areas and inland areas lack evidence of reverse faulting and are unconsolidated. The PCL is much thicker to the west and north (where it reaches its maximum thickness of ~270m thick), which may explain this spatial variation in deformation style. Further work on the interpretation and characterisation of Brumbys Fault will be necessary before any injection experiment to ensure the fault geometry and fluid flow implications are fully understood

Joint observation in NICU (JOIN): study protocol of a clinical randomised controlled trial examining an early intervention during preterm care.

Preterm birth may generate significant distress among the parents, who often present with difficulties in appropriating their parental role. Parental stress and low perceived parental self-efficacy may interfere with the infant's socioemotional and cognitive development, particularly through disrupted parent-infant interactions. Perceived parental self-efficacy represents the belief of efficacy in caring for one's own infant and successful incarnation of the parental role, as well as the perception of one's own abilities to complete a specified task. Interventions to support parental role, as well as infant development, are needed, and parental self-efficacy represents a useful indicator to measure the effects of such early interventions. This study protocol describes a randomised controlled trial that will test an early intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (JOIN: Joint Observation In Neonatology) carried out by an interdisciplinary staff team. Mothers of preterm neonates born between 28 and 32 6/7 weeks of gestational age are eligible for the study. The intervention consists of a videotaped observation by a clinical child psychologist or child psychiatrist and a study nurse of a period of care delivered to the neonate by the mother and a NICU nurse. The care procedure is followed by an interactive video guidance intended to demonstrate the neonate's abilities and resources to his parents. The primary outcome will be the difference in the perceived maternal self-efficacy between the intervention and control groups assessed by self-report questionnaires. Secondary outcomes will be maternal mental health, the perception of the parent- infant relationship, maternal responsiveness and the neurodevelopment of the infant at 6 months corrected age. Ethical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton de Vaud (study number 496/12). Results from this study will be disseminated at national and international conferences, and in peer-reviewed journals. NCT02736136, Pre-results

Induced proximity of a TIR signaling domain on a plant-mammalian NLR chimera activates defense in plants

Plant and animal intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors detect pathogen-derived molecules and activate defense. Plant NLRs can be divided into several classes based upon their N-terminal signaling domains, including TIR (Toll-like, Interleukin-1 receptor, Resistance protein)- and CC (coiled-coil)-NLRs. Upon ligand detection, mammalian NAIP and NLRC4 NLRs oligomerize, forming an inflammasome that induces proximity of its N-terminal signaling domains. Recently, a plant CC-NLR was revealed to form an inflammasome-like hetero-oligomer. To further investigate plant NLR signaling mechanisms, we fused the N-terminal TIR domain of several plant NLRs to the N terminus of NLRC4. Inflammasome-dependent induced proximity of the TIR domain in planta initiated defense signaling. Thus, induced proximity of a plant TIR domain imposed by oligomerization of a mammalian inflammasome is sufficient to activate authentic plant defense. Ligand detection and inflammasome formation is maintained when the known components of the NLRC4 inflammasome is transferred across kingdoms, indicating that NLRC4 complex can robustly function without any additional mammalian proteins. Additionally, we found NADase activity of a plant TIR domain is necessary for plant defense activation, but NADase activity of a mammalian or a bacterial TIR is not sufficient to activate defense in plants

CO2 storage in depleted gas reservoirs: A study on the effect of residual gas saturation

Depleted gas reservoirs are recognized as the most promising candidate for carbon dioxide storage. Primary gas production followed by injection of carbon dioxide after depletion is the strategy adopted for secondary gas recovery and storage practices. This strategy, however, depends on the injection strategy, reservoir characteristics and operational parameters. There have been many studies to-date discussing critical factors influencing the storage performance in depleted gas reservoirs while little attention was given to the effect of residual gas. In this paper, an attempt was made to highlight the importance of residual gas on the capacity, injectivity, reservoir pressurization, and trapping mechanisms of storage sites through the use of numerical simulation. The results obtained indicated that the storage performance is proportionally linked to the amount of residual gas in the medium and reservoirs with low residual fluids are a better choice for storage purposes. Therefore, it would be wise to perform the secondary recovery before storage in order to have the least amount of residual gas in the medium. Although the results of this study are useful to screen depleted gas reservoirs for the storage purpose, more studies are required to confirm the finding presented in this paper

Emerging concepts about NAIP/NLIRC4 inflammasomes

Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)/NOD-like receptor (NLR) containing a caspase activating and recruitment domain (CARD) 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome complexes are activated in response to proteins from virulent bacteria that reach the cell cytosol. Specific NAIP proteins bind to the agonists and then physically associate with NLRC4 to form an inflammasome complex able to recruit and activate pro-caspase-1. NAIP5 and NAIP6 sense flagellin, component of flagella from motile bacteria, whereas NAIP1 and NAIP2 detect needle and rod components from bacterial type III secretion systems, respectively. Active caspase-1 mediates the maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, 11,113 and 11,18, and is responsible for the induction of pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death. in addition to these well-known effector mechanisms, novel roles have been described for NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes, such as phagosomal maturation, activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, regulation of autophagy, secretion of inflammatory mediators, antibody production, activation of T cells, among others. These effector mechanisms mediated by NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes have been extensively studied in the context of resistance of infections and the potential of their agonists has been exploited in therapeutic strategies to non-infectious pathologies, such as tumor protection. Thus, this review will discuss current knowledge about the activation of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes and their effector mechanisms.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)INCTVUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Ctr Terapia Celulare & Mol CTC Mol, BR-04044010 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-04044010 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Ctr Terapia Celulare & Mol CTC Mol, BR-04044010 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-04044010 São Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2013/16010-5Web of Scienc

11B-rich fluids in subduction zones: the role of antigorite dehydration in subducting slabs and boron isotope heterogeneity in the mantle

Serpentinites form by hydration of mantle peridotite and constitute the largest potential reservoir of fluid-mobile elements entering subduction zones. Isotope ratios of one such element, boron, distinguish fluid contributions from crustal versus serpentinite sources. Despite 85% of boron hosted within abyssal peridotite being lost at the onset of subduction at the lizardite-to-antigorite transition, a sufficient cargo of boron to account for the composition of island arc magma is retained (c. 7 μg g− 1, with a δ11B of + 22‰) until the down-going slab reaches the antigorite-out isograd. At this point a 11B-rich fluid, capable of providing the distinctive δ11B signature of island arc basalts, is released. Beyond the uniquely preserved antigorite-out isograd in serpentinites from Cerro del Almirez, Betic Cordillera, Spain, the prograde lithologies (antigorite–chlorite–orthopyroxene–olivine serpentinite, granofels-texture chlorite-harzburgite and spinifex-texture chlorite-harzburgite) have very different boron isotope signatures (δ11B = − 3 to + 6‰), but with no significant difference in boron concentration compared to the antigorite-serpentinite on the low P–T side of the isograd. 11B-rich fluid, which at least partly equilibrated with pelagic sediments, is implicated in the composition of these prograde lithologies, which dehydrated under open-system conditions. Serpentinite-hosted boron lost during the early stages of dehydration is readily incorporated into forearc peridotite. This, in turn, may be dragged to sub-arc depths as a result of subduction erosion and incorporated in a mélange comprising forearc serpentinite, altered oceanic crust and pelagic sediment. At the antigorite-out isograd it dehydrates, thus potentially providing an additional source of 11B-rich fluids