DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOESPACIAL DEL MOSQUITO Culex quinquefasciatus(DIPTERA:CULICIDAE) PRINCIPAL VECTOR DEL VIRUS DEL OESTE DEL NILO, EN LA ZONA URBANA DE CIUDAD JUÁREZ, CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO.

El objetivo fue estimar los factores socioeconómicos que condicionan la distribución espacial de Culexquinquefasciatus en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Se colectaron mosquitos con minitrampas de luz y CO2usando como unidad de análisis las Áreas Geográficas Básicas (AGEB). Se aplicó un SIG así como técnicas de análisis geoespacial. Se observó una autocorrelación positiva para la población del vector con valores de I de Moran de 0.33, 0.25, 0.17, 0.11 y de c de Geary de 0.34, 0.45, 0.55, 0.64 para los radios de 1000, 2000, 3000 y 4000 m respectivamente. Los índices locales Gi(d) de Getis estiman las mas altas poblaciones en la zona norponiente y suroriente de la ciudad. El modelo de regresión explica el 22.1% de la densidad de Cx. quinquefasciatus; el grado de escolaridad y porcentaje de alfabetismo en la población están correlacionados negativamente así como la densidad de vivienda y la posesión de bienes. La correlación positiva esta en el área, la densidad poblacional , en la baja calidad de construcción de las viviendas y el ingreso económico.Palabras clave: autocorrelación, arbovirus, Sistemas de Información Geográficaautocorrelation, arbovirosis, Geographical Information Syste

Sucesión bacteriana del género Bacillus en el proceso de compostaje y lombricompostaje con diferentes fuentes de estiércol

Las especies del género Bacillus ejercen un efecto positivo en las plantas debido a que inducen la producción de sideróforos, fitoestimulantes y biosurfactantes, así como compuestos con actividad inhibidora para fitopatógenos. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la abundancia y diversidad de la comunidad de Bacillus en el proceso de compostaje en tres diferentes estiércoles y clarificar el rol de Eisenia foetida en la colonización de esta bacteria en los lixiviados de lombricomposta. Se estableció un experimento con nueve tratamientos considerando tres fuentes de estiércol (vacuno, ovino y porcino), los lixiviados del compostaje natural y los lixiviados de lombricompostaje con Eisenia foetida. Para la identificación del género Bacillus se emplearon cultivos bacterianos de 48 h en agar y caldo nutritivo y se identificaron por las características morfológicas, físico- químicas y microbiológicas. Se estimó la cantidad máxima de unidades formadoras de colonias en estiércol crudo de ganado ovino en el orden de 62.33 x 105 UFC/g de estiércol, abundancia que se redujo a 7.00 x 104 UFC/ml en el lixiviado de composta. En estiércol crudo se aislaron 33 cepas distribuidas en 11 especies, en lixiviados de lombricomposta 24 cepas en 8 especies y en lixiviados de composta solo 18 cepas en 5 especies. Las especies más abundantes fueron B. Sporosarcina pasteurii y B. Paenibacillus alvei. Se demostró que el lixiviado de lombricomposta posee mejor uniformidad y diversidad bacteriana, por lo que debería dársele mayor uso agrícola. Abstract Species of the genus Bacillus have a positive effect on plants due they induce the production of siderophores, phytostimulants and biosurfactants as well as compounds with inhibitory activity to phytopathology. The objective of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of Bacillus community in the composting process in three different manures and clarify the role of Eisenia foetida in the colonization of this bacterium in vermicompost leachates. An experiment was established with nine treatments considering three sources of manure (cattle, sheep and pigs), natural compost leachate and vermicomposting leachates with Eisenia foetida. To identify the genus Bacillus bacterial cultures were used for 48 h made of agar and nutrient broth and identified by morphological, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics. The maximum number of colony forming units in raw manure of sheep was calculated in the order of 62.33 x105 CFU/g of manure, abundance was reduced to 7.00 x 104 CFU/ml in the leachate of compost. Over 33 strains belonging to 11 species were isolated from the raw manure, 24 strains from 8 species were found in the vermicompost leachate and only 18 strains from 5 species in the leachate compost. The most abundant species were B. Sporosarcina pasteurii and B. Paenibacillus alvei. It was shown that vermicompost leachate has better uniformity and bacterial diversity which should be given greater agricultural use. Keywords: Count, species, identification

Barriers of mental health treatment utilization among first-year college students: First cross-national results from the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative.

BACKGROUND: Although mental disorders and suicidal thoughts-behaviors (suicidal thoughts and behaviors) are common among university students, the majority of students with these problems remain untreated. It is unclear what the barriers are to these students seeking treatment. AIMS: The aim of this study is to examine the barriers to future help-seeking and the associations of clinical characteristics with these barriers in a cross-national sample of first-year college students. METHOD: As part of the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative, web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first-year students in eight countries across the world. Clinical characteristics examined included screens for common mental disorders and reports about suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Multivariate regression models adjusted for socio-demographic, college-, and treatment-related variables were used to examine correlates of help-seeking intention and barriers to seeking treatment. RESULTS: Only 24.6% of students reported that they would definitely seek treatment if they had a future emotional problem. The most commonly reported reasons not to seek treatment among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help were the preference to handle the problem alone (56.4%) and wanting to talk with friends or relatives instead (48.0%). Preference to handle the problem alone and feeling too embarrassed were also associated with significantly reduced odds of having at least some intention to seek help among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help. Having 12-month major depression, alcohol use disorder, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors were also associated with significantly reduced reported odds of the latter outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of first-year college students in the WMH-ICS surveys report that they would be hesitant to seek help in case of future emotional problems. Attitudinal barriers and not structural barriers were found to be the most important reported reasons for this hesitation. Experimental research is needed to determine whether intention to seek help and, more importantly, actual help-seeking behavior could be increased with the extent to which intervention strategies need to be tailored to particular student characteristics. Given that the preference to handle problems alone and stigma and appear to be critical, there could be value in determining if internet-based psychological treatments, which can be accessed privately and are often build as self-help approaches, would be more acceptable than other types of treatments to student who report hesitation about seeking treatment.status: publishe

WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project: Prevalence and Distribution of Mental Disorders

Increasingly, colleges across the world are contending with rising rates of mental disorders, and in many cases, the demand for services on campus far exceeds the available resources. The present study reports initial results from the first stage of the WHO World Mental Health International College Student project, in which a series of surveys in 19 colleges across 8 countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, United States) were carried out with the aim of estimating prevalence and basic sociodemographic correlates of common mental disorders among first-year college students. Web-based self-report questionnaires administered to incoming first-year students (45.5% pooled response rate) screened for six common lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders: major depression, mania/hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. We focus on the 13,984 respondents who were full-time students: 35% of whom screened positive for at least one of the common lifetime disorders assessed and 31% screened positive for at least one 12-month disorder. Syndromes typically had onsets in early to middle adolescence and persisted into the year of the survey. Although relatively modest, the strongest correlates of screening positive were older age, female sex, unmarried-deceased parents, no religious affiliation, nonheterosexual identification and behavior, low secondary school ranking, and extrinsic motivation for college enrollment. The weakness of these associations means that the syndromes considered are widely distributed with respect to these variables in the student population. Although the extent to which cost-effective treatment would reduce these risks is unclear, the high level of need for mental health services implied by these results represents a major challenge to institutions of higher education and governments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).status: publishe

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Cambios religiosos globales y reacomodos locales.

Contiene algunos de los trabajos presentados en el "Tercer encuentro de la red del fenómeno religioso en el Centro Occidente de México: La religión frente al espejo del 2000" realizado en la Universidad de Colima en mayo de 2000. En particular, los miembros de este equipo, trata de comprender y explicar cómo, en las últimas décadas, el fenómeno religioso se ha establecido en la dinámica de los procesos de articulación entre lo global y lo local.167p

Distribución biogeográfica potencial del género Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes) en costas mexicanas

Seahorses (genus Hippocampus) are a group of threatened fish. Distribution maps present information for the conservation of biodiversity, correct management and protection of natural resources, and development of management plans.  In addition, they are the basis for further studies in taxonomy, biogeography, ecology, and evolution. With the purpose of assessing the efficiency and performance of different methods for the modeling potential distribution of the four species of the genus Hippocampus in Mexico, georeferenced occurrence points were collected from 1970 to 2017, and four predictive models were used to determine their potential distribution. Each model was assessed with a ROC curve analysis and a Cohen’s Kappa statistic. A Jacknife analysis was also conducted in the MaxEnt program to know the environmental variables that were more important in the model prediction. Results show that H. erectus and H. zosterae had a wide distribution in the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico; H. ingens shows a marked distribution along the coastal states of the Pacific Ocean while H. reidi has a more restricted distribution prediction in the Mexican Caribbean area. Bathymetry, distance to the coast, and chlorophyll concentration are the most determining factors in the probability of occurrence of the four speciesOs cavalos-marinhos (gênero Hippocampus) são peixes cuja população está ameaçada. Os mapas de distribuição apresentam informações que podem ser utilizadas para a conservação da biodiversidade, o correto manejo e proteção dos recursos naturais, e o desenvolvimento de planos de manejo; além disso, são a base para estudos posteriores de taxonomia, biogeografia, ecologia e evolução. Objetivando avaliar a eficiência e o desempenho de diferentes métodos para a modelagem de distribuição potencial das quatro espécies do gênero Hippocampus presentes no México, foram recopilados pontos georreferenciados de presença das espécies referidas, desde 1970 até 2017, sendo utilizados quatro modelos preditivos para determinar sua distribuição potencial. A avaliação de cada modelo foi levada a cabo através de uma análise de curva ROC e uma estatística Kappa de Cohen. Em MaxEnt foi realizada uma análise Jackknife, para adquirir conhecimento das variáveis ambientais que surtiram maior importância na predição do modelo. Os resultados mostram que H. erectus e H. zosterae têm um amplo ordenamento nas costas do Golfo de México; H. ingens mostra uma marcada disposição ao longo dos estados costeiros do Oceano Pacífico e H. reidi apresenta uma predição de distribuição mais restringida na zona do caribe mexicano. A batimetria, distância para a costa e a concentração de clorofila são os fatores com maior influência no modelo preditivo de presença das quatro espécies.Los caballitos de mar (género Hippocampus) son peces cuyas poblaciones están amenazadas. Los mapas de distribución presentan información que puede utilizarse para la conservación de la biodiversidad, el correcto manejo y protección de los recursos naturales, y el desarrollo de planes de manejo, son la base para estudios posteriores de taxonomía, biogeografía, ecología y evolución. Con el fin de evaluar la eficiencia y el desempeño de diferentes métodos para el modelado de distribución potencial de las cuatro especies del género Hippocampus presentes en México, se recopilaron puntos georreferenciados de presencia de las mismas, desde 1970 hasta 2017, y se utilizaron cuatro modelos predictivos para determinar su distribución potencial. La evaluación de cada modelo se llevó a cabo con un análisis de curva ROC y un estadístico Kappa de Cohen. En MaxEnt se realizó un análisis Jacknife, para conocer las variables ambientales que tuvieron mayor importancia en la predicción del modelo. Los resultados muestran que H. erectus y H. zosterae tienen una amplia ordenación en las costas del Golfo de México; H. ingens muestra una marcada disposición a lo largo de los estados costeros del Océano Pacífico y H. reidi presenta una predicción de distribución más restringida en la zona del caribe mexicano. La batimetría, distancia a la costa y la concentración de clorofila son los factores con mayor influencia en el modelo predictivo de presencia de las cuatro especies