BRAÇO MECÂNICO: UM EXPERIMENTO À CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO DA FÍSICA

O presente trabalho traz algumas considerações sobre a importância do uso dos materiais concretos para o ensino de matemática e física buscando uma aprendizagem mais significativa. O objetivo deste é mostrar uma perspectiva diferenciada e contextualizada dessas disciplinas a partir do uso de um braço mecânico para o ensino do princípio de Pascal, que pode ser trabalhado em qualquer turma de segundo e terceiro ano do ensino médio. O material concreto ajuda desenvolver no aluno raciocínio lógico matemático tornando mais fácil a visualização dos conceitos estudados. A ideia de apresentar uma metodologia que articulasse o uso do material concreto para o ensino de conceitos matemático, na intenção de contribuir na qualificação dos docentes pela apropriação das estratégias, que é o material concreto. Para isso foi realizado uma pesquisa de campo para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa permitindo assim visualizarmos o quanto trabalhar com materiais concretos fornece uma compreensão melhor para os alunos. O uso do material foi desenvolvido na sala de aula com o intuito de que possa intervir no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Entendendo que este tipo de material pode propiciar aos alunos um interesse maior pelas aulas tornando-as mais prazerosas e interessantes. O braço mecânico permitiu investigar o processo de aprendizagem do aluno, através de testagem de hipóteses e da experimentação afim de que consigam entender os conceitos envolvidos. Por meio do uso do braço mecânico temos a finalidade de que o próprio aluno desenvolva o seu conhecimento possibilitando assim a melhoria da aprendizagem matemática e física

Modelo de arquitetura para sistema de divulgação dos pontos turísticos da região Sul do Maranhão / Software architecture model to promote natural tourist places in the Southern Maranhão Region

A região sul do Maranhão possui uma rica biodiversidade e recursos naturais abundantes os quais possuem um elevado potencial bioeconômico. Contudo, a região não possui muitas tecnologias que ajudem na divulgação de tais riquezas naturais e sua utilização sustentável. Visando promover a difusão do conhecimento a respeito desses recursos naturais, o presente trabalho propõe um modelo de arquitetura para a criação de sistemas de software voltados à divulgação de recursos naturais e promoção do ecoturismo na região. O sistema oferece funcionalidades tais como: localização, infraestrutura e acesso aos pontos turísticos e trilhas que dão acesso a diversos ecossistemas; localização dos pontos de produção e venda de especiarias obtidas a partir de recursos naturais da região; mapas dos principais pontos turísticos e dos locais ainda não tão explorados para o ecoturismo, entre outras funcionalidades. Outrossim, este trabalho visa promover o uso sustentável desses recursos e a difusão da cultura sul-maranhense através do desenvolvimento do turismo regional, a preservação dos recursos naturais, a promoção da bioeconomia e do desenvolvimento sustentável

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

Sem informação113478788

Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic tau decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016