Fatigue Damage Simulation Of Automobile Steering Knuckle Subjected To Variable Amplitude Loading

Fatigue damage assessment is essential in determining the durability of automobile components. Several studies have been conducted on fatigue durability of steering knuckle using constant amplitude loading. However, most of the engineering structural and components are subjected to Variable Amplitude Loadings (VALs) in service. Therefore, this study aims to present a fatigue damage simulation of automobile steering knuckle of a 1300 cc national automobile using finite element analysis. In this study, the steering knuckle is modeled using computer-aided design software, in which the dimensions are assigned according to 3D scanning files. The critical area on the steering knuckle is determined using commercial finite element software. The strain gauge is then mounted on the steering knuckle and connected to a data acquisition system to capture the actual fatigue strain signal while driving on a residential road. The fatigue strain signal is then used as the VAL in the fatigue damage simulation of automobile steering knuckle. Forged steel, cast aluminum, and cast iron are used and analyzed in the simulation. Results indicate that the different types of material used significantly influenced the fatigue damage of the automobile steering knuckle

Stress Analysis Of Automobile Steering Knuckle Using Finite Element Method

This paper aims in identifying effect of constraint point against critical area of 1300 cc national car steering knuckle using finite element method. The material of this steering knuckle is cast iron ASTM A536. The steering knuckle is modeled using a computer aided design software and the dimensions is assigned according to 3D scanning files. Meanwhile, steering knuckle is simulate using commercial finite element software where the load is assigned based on three conditions of constraints. The three conditions are fixed at hub, fixed hub and brake clamp and fixed at hub, brake clamp and steering arm of steering knuckle. Result shows that the positions of constraint points are significantly effect on stress value of steering knuckle. By acknowledging the presence or absent the effect of constraint on steering knuckle will aid in detecting critical area on this steering knuckle. Thus, approach could be conducted to optimize and enhance the life cycle of a steering knuckle. The data will be further utilized in testing the steering knuckle under variable amplitude strain signal

Thermal diffusivity measurement for p-Si and Ag/p-Si by photoacoustic technique

Thermal diffusivity (TD) of p-Si and Ag/p-Si samples were measured by photoacoustic technique using open photoacoustic cell (OPC). The samples were annealed by heating them at 960, 1050, 1200, and 1300 °C for 3 h in air. The thermal diffusivity of Ag-coated samples was obtained by fitting the photoacoustic experimental data to the thermally thick equation for Rosencwaig and Gersho (RG) theory. For the single layer samples, the thermal diffusivity can be obtained by fitting as well as by obtaining the critical frequency f c . In this study, the thermal diffusivity of the p-Si samples increased with increasing the annealing temperature. The thermal diffusivity of the Ag/p-Si samples, after reaching the maximum value of about 2.73 cm2/s at a temperature of 1200 °C, decreased due to the silver complete melt in the surface of the silicon

Blechnum Orientale Linn - a fern with potential as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agent

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Blechnum orientale </it>Linn. (<it>Blechnaceae</it>) is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of various skin diseases, stomach pain, urinary bladder complaints and sterilization of women. The aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activity of five solvent fractions obtained from the methanol extract of the leaves of <it>Blechnum orientale </it>Linn.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Five solvent fractions were obtained from the methanol extract of <it>B. orientale</it> through successive partitioning with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Total phenolic content was assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the scavenging activity of DPPH radicals. Cytotoxic activity was tested against four cancer cell lines and a non-malignant cell using MTT assay. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Standard phytochemical screening tests for saponins, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids were also conducted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions possessed strong radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀8.6-13.0 μg/ml) and cytotoxic activity towards human colon cancer cell HT-29 (IC₅₀27.5-42.8 μg/ml). The three extracts were also effective against all Gram-positive bacteria tested: <it>Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus</it>, methicillin-susceptible <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(MSSA), methicillin-resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(MRSA) and <it>Stapylococcus epidermidis</it>(minimum inhibitory concentration MIC 15.6-250 μg/ml; minimum bactericidal concentration MBC 15.6-250 μg/ml). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed highest total phenolic content (675-804 mg gallic acid equivalent/g).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results indicate that this fern is a potential candidate to be used as an antioxidant agent, for colon cancer therapy and for treatment of MRSA infections and other MSSA/Gram-positive bacterial infectious diseases.</p

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