Química orgânica: um estudo de caso voltada ao amadurecimento de frutas

No ambiente escolar, as dificuldades no ensino e aprendizagem, vinculadas ao método tradicional, destacam-se. Segundo as teorias de Ausubel, a aprendizagem ganha significado quando os alunos atribuem novos sentidos ao conhecimento prévio. O Estudo de Caso emerge como alternativa, rompendo com métodos tradicionais e instigando métodos mais eficazes, como proposto neste trabalho. A análise focaliza a metodologia do Estudo de Caso, combinada a uma abordagem experimental, para compreender o papel do etileno no amadurecimento das frutas. No contexto do PIBID de Química na Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, uma história de Estudo de Caso sobre o uso do etileno no amadurecimento de frutas, com uma proposta experimental, foi desenvolvida para alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A atividade experimental permitiu conexões entre conhecimentos cotidianos e química orgânica, abordando propriedades físico-químicas e a utilidade do gás etileno. O debate das soluções propostas pelos alunos promoveu a expressão de ideias, evidenciando que métodos diferenciados, como o Estudo de Caso, estimulam a curiosidade dos estudantes, indicando que as salas de aula podem transcender o modelo tradicional em prol de uma aprendizagem significativa e desenvolvimento cognitivo

Organic chemistry: a case study focused on fruit ripening

No ambiente escolar, as dificuldades no ensino e aprendizagem, vinculadas ao método tradicional, destacam-se. Segundo as teorias de Ausubel, a aprendizagem ganha significado quando os alunos atribuem novos sentidos ao conhecimento prévio. O Estudo de Caso emerge como alternativa, rompendo com métodos tradicionais e instigando métodos mais eficazes, como proposto neste trabalho. A análise focaliza a metodologia do Estudo de Caso, combinada a uma abordagem experimental, para compreender o papel do etileno no amadurecimento das frutas. No contexto do PIBID de Química na Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, uma história de Estudo de Caso sobre o uso do etileno no amadurecimento de frutas, com uma proposta experimental, foi desenvolvida para alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A atividade experimental permitiu conexões entre conhecimentos cotidianos e química orgânica, abordando propriedades físico-químicas e a utilidade do gás etileno. O debate das soluções propostas pelos alunos promoveu a expressão de ideias, evidenciando que métodos diferenciados, como o Estudo de Caso, estimulam a curiosidade dos estudantes, indicando que as salas de aula podem transcender o modelo tradicional em prol de uma aprendizagem significativa e desenvolvimento cognitivo.En el ámbito escolar se destacan las dificultades en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, ligadas al método tradicional. Según las teorías de Ausubel, el aprendizaje adquiere significado cuando los estudiantes atribuyen nuevos significados a conocimientos previos. El Estudio de Caso surge como una alternativa, rompiendo con los métodos tradicionales e impulsando métodos más efectivos, como se propone en este trabajo. El análisis se centra en la metodología de Estudio de Caso, combinada con un enfoque experimental, para comprender el papel del etileno en la maduración de la fruta. En el contexto del PIBID de Química de la Universidad Estatal de Santa Cruz, se desarrolló un relato de Caso de Estudio sobre el uso de etileno en la maduración de frutos, con una propuesta experimental, para estudiantes de tercer año de secundaria. La actividad experimental permitió conexiones entre el conocimiento cotidiano y la química orgánica, abordando las propiedades físico-químicas y la utilidad del gas etileno. El debate sobre las soluciones propuestas por los estudiantes promovió la expresión de ideas, mostrando que diferentes métodos, como el Estudio de Caso, estimulan la curiosidad de los estudiantes, indicando que las aulas pueden trascender el modelo tradicional en favor del aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo cognitivo.In the school environment, difficulties in teaching and learning, linked to the traditional method, stand out. According to Ausubel's theories, learning gains meaning when students attribute new meanings to prior knowledge. The Case Study emerges as an alternative, breaking with traditional methods and instigating more effective methods, as proposed in this work. The analysis focuses on the Case Study methodology, combined with an experimental approach, to understand the role of ethylene in fruit ripening. In the context of the Chemistry PIBID at the State University of Santa Cruz, a Case Study story on the use of ethylene in fruit ripening, with an experimental proposal, was developed for third-year high school students. The experimental activity allowed connections between everyday knowledge and organic chemistry, addressing physical-chemical properties and the usefulness of ethylene gas. The debate on the solutions proposed by the students promoted the expression of ideas, showing that different methods, such as the Case Study, stimulate students' curiosity, indicating that classrooms can transcend the traditional model in favor of meaningful learning and cognitive development.No ambiente escolar, as dificuldades no ensino e aprendizagem, vinculadas ao método tradicional, destacam-se. Segundo as teorias de Ausubel, a aprendizagem ganha significado quando os alunos atribuem novos sentidos ao conhecimento prévio. O Estudo de Caso emerge como alternativa, rompendo com métodos tradicionais e instigando métodos mais eficazes, como proposto neste trabalho. A análise focaliza a metodologia do Estudo de Caso, combinada a uma abordagem experimental, para compreender o papel do etileno no amadurecimento das frutas. No contexto do PIBID de Química na Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, uma história de Estudo de Caso sobre o uso do etileno no amadurecimento de frutas, com uma proposta experimental, foi desenvolvida para alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio. A atividade experimental permitiu conexões entre conhecimentos cotidianos e química orgânica, abordando propriedades físico-químicas e a utilidade do gás etileno. O debate das soluções propostas pelos alunos promoveu a expressão de ideias, evidenciando que métodos diferenciados, como o Estudo de Caso, estimulam a curiosidade dos estudantes, indicando que as salas de aula podem transcender o modelo tradicional em prol de uma aprendizagem significativa e desenvolvimento cognitivo

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Measurement and interpretation of same-sign W boson pair production in association with two jets in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the measurement of fducial and diferential cross sections for both the inclusive and electroweak production of a same-sign W-boson pair in association with two jets (W±W±jj) using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed by selecting two same-charge leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity diference. The measured fducial cross sections for electroweak and inclusive W±W±jj production are 2.92 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.)fb and 3.38±0.22 (stat.)±0.19 (syst.)fb, respectively, in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The measurements are used to constrain anomalous quartic gauge couplings by extracting 95% confdence level intervals on dimension-8 operators. A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons H±± that are produced in vector-boson fusion processes and decay into a same-sign W boson pair is performed. The largest deviation from the Standard Model occurs for an H±± mass near 450 GeV, with a global signifcance of 2.5 standard deviations

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, , and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and ττ) are included in this kind of combination for the first time. A simplified model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Studies of new Higgs boson interactions through nonresonant HH production in the b¯bγγ fnal state in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the b ¯bγγ fnal state is performed using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This analysis supersedes and expands upon the previous nonresonant ATLAS results in this fnal state based on the same data sample. The analysis strategy is optimised to probe anomalous values not only of the Higgs (H) boson self-coupling modifer κλ but also of the quartic HHV V (V = W, Z) coupling modifer κ2V . No signifcant excess above the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. An observed upper limit µHH < 4.0 is set at 95% confdence level on the Higgs boson pair production cross-section normalised to its Standard Model prediction. The 95% confdence intervals for the coupling modifers are −1.4 < κλ < 6.9 and −0.5 < κ2V < 2.7, assuming all other Higgs boson couplings except the one under study are fxed to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the Standard Model efective feld theory and Higgs efective feld theory frameworks in terms of constraints on the couplings of anomalous Higgs boson (self-)interactions

Measurement of the H → γ γ and H → ZZ∗ → 4 cross-sections in pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive Higgs boson production cross section is measured in the di-photon and the Z Z∗ → 4 decay channels using 31.4 and 29.0 fb−1 of pp collision data respectively, collected with the ATLAS detector at a centre of-mass energy of √s = 13.6 TeV. To reduce the model dependence, the measurement in each channel is restricted to a particle-level phase space that closely matches the chan nel’s detector-level kinematic selection, and it is corrected for detector effects. These measured fiducial cross-sections are σfid,γ γ = 76+14 −13 fb, and σfid,4 = 2.80 ± 0.74 fb, in agreement with the corresponding Standard Model predic tions of 67.6±3.7 fb and 3.67±0.19 fb. Assuming Standard Model acceptances and branching fractions for the two chan nels, the fiducial measurements are extrapolated to the full phase space yielding total cross-sections of σ (pp → H) = 67+12 −11 pb and 46±12 pb at 13.6 TeV from the di-photon and Z Z∗ → 4 measurements respectively. The two measure ments are combined into a total cross-section measurement of σ (pp → H) = 58.2±8.7 pb, to be compared with the Stan dard Model prediction of σ (pp → H)SM = 59.9 ± 2.6 p