1940: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

Delivered in the Auditorium of Abilene Christian College, February, 1940, Abilene, Texas. Published April, 1940 PRICE, $1.00 FIRM FOUNDATION PUBLISHING HOUSE Austin, Texas

Effect of fertilizers on yield and quality of potatoes in the Willamette Valley

Data from fertilizer experiments with potatoes in the Willamette Valley from 1961 through 1971 show that responses have been measured from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and lime. Responses from these nutrients have been related to soil and/or plant analysis values. In recent years most of the potato production has moved from hill soil areas to valley floor soils with much of the production following cereal crops with the straw disced or plowed into the soil before planting potatoes. These experiments show that 150 to 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre should be applied for April-planted potatoes following a cereal crop, and this rate should be reduced to 50 to 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre for late May plantings or where potatoes follow a heavily fertilized row crop. There was a response from band application of phosphorus on all locations. Rates of phosphorus application should be increased from about 80 to about 160 pounds of phosphorus (P2O,) per acre when phosphorus soil test values drop below 40 parts per million. One hundred pounds of potassium (K2O) per acre should be applied when soil analyses range from 300 to 400 ppm potassium (K). Magnesium fertilizer should be added when soil test values are below 0.8 milliequivalents magnesium per 100 grams of soil. Application of lime the fall before planting should be considered when the soil pH is below 5.5 and soil analysis shows 5 milliequivalents of calcium per 100 grams of soil or less.Published October 1967. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Anthropocene Series: Where and how to look for potential candidates

International audienc

Gastric Microbial Flora in Patients with Gastrointestinal Disease

We designed a prospective study to test the hypothesis that the stomach may be a bacterial reservoir in some patients and function as a potential source of aspiration-induced bacterial pneumonia. Quantitative cultures of fasting gastric contents were obtained in 100 consecutive patients having fiberoptic endoscopy for evaluation of gastrointestinal disease. Culture results were correlated with gastric pH and gastrointestinal pathology. Patients with gastric ulcer disease had a significantly higher incidence of bacterial growth than those with duodenal ulcer. Patients who had had gastrectomy were more likely than any others to have gram-negative bacilli in their stomach. A somewhat high frequency of other common pneumonic pathogens in gastric contents was also noted. The significance of these findings in the production of pneumonia in the elderly is discussed

BRG1 and BRM SWI/SNF ATPases redundantly maintain cardiomyocyte homeostasis by regulating cardiomyocyte mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in vivo

There has been an increasing recognition that mitochondrial perturbations play a central role in human heart failure. Discovery of mitochondrial networks, whose function is to maintain the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy (‘mitophagy’) and mitochondrial fusion/fission, are new potential therapeutic targets. Yet our understanding of how the molecular underpinning of these processes is just emerging. We recently identified a role of the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in the metabolic homeostasis of the adult cardiomyocyte using cardiomyocyte-specific and inducible deletion of the SWI/SNF ATPases BRG1 and BRM in adult mice (Brg1/Brm double mutant mice). To build upon these observations in early alterated metabolism, the present study looks at the subsequent alterations in mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in the impaired adult cardiomyocyte. We identified that Brg1/Brm double-mutant mice exhibited an increased mitochondrial biogenesis, increases in ‘mitophagy’, and alterations in mitochondrial fission and fusion that led to small, fragmented mitochondria. Mechanistically, increases in the autophagy and mitophagy-regulated proteins Beclin1 and Bnip3 were identified, paralleling changes seen in human heart failure. Cardiac mitochondrial dynamics were perturbed including decreased mitochondria size, reduced number, and altered expression of genes regulating fusion (Mfn1, Opa1) and fission (Drp1). We also identified cardiac protein amyloid accumulation (aggregated fibrils) during disease progression along with an increase in pre-amyloid oligomers and an upregulated unfolded protein response including increased GRP78, CHOP, and IRE-1 signaling. Together, these findings described a role for BRG1 and BRM in mitochondrial quality control, by regulating mitochondrial number, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics not previously recognized in the adult cardiomyocyte. As epigenetic mechanisms are critical to the pathogenesis of heart failure, these novel pathways identified indicate that SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling functions are closely linked to mitochondrial quality control mechanisms