Three different phonological approaches moving one child towards intelligible speech

Includes bibliographical references.For my Capstone, I will research, contrast, and then apply three different phonological approaches to therapy to the same four year old female with unintelligible speech. The three different phonological approaches are multiple oppositions, phonemic categories development, and construct of complexity. Each phonological approach has different targets to therapy but all have the same ultimate goal of intelligible speech. Multiple oppositions use multiple sound pairs to help the child reduce homonomy and integrate their knowledge of sound sets. Facilitating underlying phonemic category uses complete emersion of phonemic sounds though training and assessments in hope that the mass quantity of input will aid in the correction of the child's phonological disorder. Construct of complexity uses complex target clusters in therapy in hopes that the complexity of the targets will allow the mastery of simpler tasks.B.S. (Bachelor of Science

Systematic review with meta-analysis: the impact of a depressive state on disease course in adult inflammatory bowel disease

Background Despite a higher prevalence of psychosocial morbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), the association between depressive state and disease course in IBD is poorly understood. Aim To investigate the impact of depressive state on disease course in IBD. Methods We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and PsychINFO for prospective studies evaluating the impact of baseline depressive state on subsequent disease course in adult IBD. Results Eleven studies matched our entry criteria, representing 3194 patients with IBD. Three reported on patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), four included patients with Crohn's disease (CD) exclusively, and four studies included both UC and CD. Five studies reported an association between depressive state and disease course. None of the UC‐specific studies found any association. In three of four CD‐specific studies, a relationship between depressive state and worsening disease course was found. In four of five studies including patients in remission at baseline, no association between depressive state and disease course was found. Pooled analysis of IBD studies with patients in clinical remission at baseline identified no association between depressive state and disease course (HR 1.04, 95%CI: 0.97‐1.12). Conclusion There is limited evidence to support an association between depressive state and subsequent deterioration in disease course in IBD, but what data that exist are more supportive of an association with CD than UC. Baseline disease activity may be an important factor in this relationship. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between mental health and outcomes in IBD