Vertical transmission of the Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus and its application in biological control

Las infestaciones de larvas de Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) son muy frecuentes en los cultivos de pimiento de los invernaderos de Almería. En estudios previos, la caracterización molecular e identificación de los aislados del nucleopoliedrovirus múltiple de S. exigua (SeMNPV; Baculoviridae) con mayor potencial insecticida así como el desarrollo de otras tecnologías (producción masiva y formulación) permitieron la obtención de un bioinsecticida que es más efectivo que los plaguicidas químicos convencionales para combatir las plagas de S. exigua en las condiciones de dichos invernaderos. Las aplicaciones de formulados de baculovirus se han realizado principalmente utilizando la modalidad de suelta inundativa, en la cual sólo cabe esperar que ejerza un efecto de control el inóculo liberado. Sin embargo, tras la aplicación de un tratamiento con baculovirus, además de la mortalidad producida por el inóculo liberado, se producen otros efectos sobre las sucesivas generaciones del insecto cuya repercusión en la regulación de las plagas que causa han sido poco estudiados. En esta tesis, básicamente se han analizado y cuantificado algunas interacciones huésped-baculovirus y se aportan datos cualitativos y cuantitativos que pueden servir de base para definir una metodología intermedia entre las sueltas de tipo inundativo e inoculativo.The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of pepper crops in Almerian greenhouses. In previous studies, the identification and molecular characterization of native strains of the S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV; Baculoviridae) with great insecticide potential, as well as the development of additional technologies (mass-production and formulation procedures) has led to the creation of a baculovirus-based bioinsecticide which provides growers with alternative options that can be more effective than conventional chemical insecticides to suppress the damage of S. exigua larvae in Almerian greenhouses. So far, applications of baculovirusbased insecticides are almost invariably based on inundative methods, similar to the strategy of applications based on the use of chemical products. In the present thesis, the SeMNPV vertical transmission and long-term persistence infections in natural populations of S. exigua and their impact on successive generations of infected insects were examined. These findings could constitute the basis for a new strategy of inoculative applications.Para la realización de esta tesis, la autora obtuvo una beca predoctoral para la formación del personal investigador de la Universidad Pública de Navarra.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Biotecnología (RD 1393/2007)Bioteknologiako Doktoretza Programa Ofiziala (ED 1393/2007

Maritime Spatial Planning Transboundary Pilot Projects and their implication in the national process in Spain

Los procesos de Ordenación del Espacio Marítimo (OEM) ya se están aplicando en muchas partes del mundo siendo Europa un punto caliente debido a la aprobación de la Directiva 2014/89/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de julio de 2014, por la que se establece un marco para la OEM, que obligaba a todos los Estados miembros costeros a tener planes aprobados para marzo de 2021. Para facilitar esto, se asignan fondos europeos específicos para apoyar el desarrollo de proyectos transfronterizos de ordenación del espacio marítimo entre países vecinos. Estos proyectos tienen principalmente dos objetivos, uno es proporcionar a los Estados conocimientos, capacidad y metodologías para aplicarlos en los procesos nacionales de ordenación del territorio, y otro es facilitar la coherencia entre los planes de los países que comparten la misma cuenca marítima. Este trabajo presenta una visión general del proceso español de MSP, y cómo algunos de los resultados que surgieron de estos proyectos piloto pueden ser incorporados al proceso nacional

Intra-and Intergenerational Persistence of an Insect Nucleopolyhedrovirus: Adverse Effects of Sublethal Disease on Host Development, Reproduction, and Susceptibility to Superinfection ᰔ

Sublethal infections by qPCR analysis indicated a consistently higher prevalence of sublethal infection than RT-PCR. Sublethal infection was associated with significant reductions in pupal weight, adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility (egg hatch) and significant increases in larval development time and duration of the preoviposition period. Insects taken from a persistently infected experimental population were significantly more susceptible to the OB inoculum than control insects that originated from the same virus-free colony as the persistently infected insects. We conclude that OB treatment results in rapid establishment of sublethal infections that persist between generations and which incur costs in the development and reproductive capacity of the host insect

Impact of subtrochanteric fractures in the geriatric population : better pre-fracture condition but poorer outcome than pertrochanteric fractures: evidence from the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry

Clinical management in orthogeriatric units and outcome indicators are similar for extracapsular fragility hip fractures, without discriminating between subtrochanteric and pertrochanteric fractures. Geriatric patients, 75 years or older, with subtrochanteric fractures have worse clinical and functional outcomes than those with pertrochanteric fractures. Retrospective observational study of data prospectively collected by the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry including patients 75 years or older, admitted for extracapsular hip fractures from January 2017 to June 2019. Demographic and baseline status, pre-operative, post-operative and 30-day follow-up data were included. A total of 13,939 patients with extracapsular hip fractures were registered: 12,199 (87.5%) pertrochanteric and 1740 (12.5%) subtrochanteric. At admission, patients with subtrochanteric fractures were younger (86.5 ± 5.8 versus 87.1 ± 5.6 years old), had better pre-fracture mobility (3.7 ± 2.7 versus 3.9 ± 2.8) (1-to-10 scale, 1 being independent) and were more likely to be living at home; those with pertrochanteric fractures had worse cognitive function (Pfeiffer 3.3 ± 3.3 versus 3.8 ± 3.5). The subtrochanteric fracture group showed worse post-fracture mobility (7.3 ± 2.7 versus 6.7 ± 2.7) and greater deterioration of mobility (3.7 ± 3.0 versus 2.9 ± 2.7). Among individuals living at home at baseline, those with subtrochanteric fractures were more likely to remain in an assisted facility at 30-day follow-up. In-hospital mortality during acute admission was higher for the subtrochanteric group (5.6% versus 4.5%) (p = 0.028). To our knowledge, this is the first paper highlighting the differences between these two fracture groups in the geriatric population. Subtrochanteric fractures in the older population are a different and worse entity, with greater morbimortality and functional decline than pertrochanteric fractures. Despite being younger and fitter at admission, older patients with subtrochanteric fractures have a higher risk of remaining non-weight bearing and undergoing re-operation and institutionalization. Orthogeriatric units should be aware of this and manage subtrochanteric fractures accordingly. Level of evidence: IV. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10195-022-00637-8

Método Indagatorio y Aprendizaje de Etnogeografía, Estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales – Geografía de la UNE EGyV

The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of the inquiry method in the learning of Ethnogeography of the Students of Social Sciences - Geography of the National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle. In the quantitative approach research, quasi-experimental type, we worked with a non-probabilistic sample of 50 subjects: 25 from the experimental group and 25 from the control group. The hypotheses were verified using the Inferential Statistics procedure of arithmetic mean for the cognitive aspect and medians for the aptitude and attitudinal results. The instruments used were a multiple alternative knowledge test validated in SPSS KR-20 and aptitude and attitudinal observation sheets in the Likert scale validated with Cronbach's alpha and expert opinion. It was concluded that the investigative method is effective in the learning of Ethnogeography of the students of Social Sciences - Geography of the National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle.El propósito fue determinar la eficacia del método indagatorio en el aprendizaje de la Etnogeografía de los Estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales – Geografía de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle. En la investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo cuasiexperimental, se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de 50 sujetos: 25 del grupo experimental y 25 del grupo control. Las hipótesis se verificaron mediante el procedimiento de Estadística Inferencial de media aritmética para el aspecto cognitivo y medianas para los resultados aptitudinales y actitudinales. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una prueba de conocimientos alternativos múltiples validada en KR-20 del SPSS y fichas de observación aptitudinal y actitudinal en la escala Likert validadas con alfa de Cronbach y opinión de expertos. Se concluyó que el método indagatorio es eficaz en el aprendizaje de la Etnogeografía de los estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales – Geografía de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle

Transboundary cooperation and Mechanisms for Maritime Spatial Planning implementation. SIMNORAT Project

El proyecto SIMNORAT, Supporting Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Northern European Atlantic region (SIMNORAT), fue un proyecto cofundado por la UE de ordenación del espacio marítimo desarrollado en la región atlántica. Los objetivos del proyecto eran apoyar a los Estados miembros (EM) para aplicar la Directiva 2014/89/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de julio de 2014, por la que se establece un marco para la ordenación del espacio marítimo (OEM); y poner en marcha y llevar a cabo iniciativas concretas y transfronterizas de OEM entre los EM participantes en el proyecto (España, Francia y Portugal). Para desarrollar y probar aspectos de la ordenación del espacio marítimo con el fin de elaborar directrices y recomendaciones útiles en un contexto transfronterizo, las autoridades competentes de los países también participaron en el proyecto. Los resultados de SIMNORAT, como el desarrollo de una metodología conceptual para la ordenación del espacio marítimo transfronterizo, el análisis de las herramientas y los datos aplicados en el proceso de ordenación del espacio marítimo, la evaluación de las demandas y tendencias espaciales de los sectores marítimos, y la participación de las partes interesadas, ayudaron a identificar las mejores prácticas en los aspectos científicos, técnicos y sociales de la ordenación del espacio marítimo para una cooperación eficaz, especialmente en las áreas de estudio de casos transfronterizos, para mejorar la aplicación de la Directiva sobre ordenación del espacio marítimo en cada país con esfuerzos de colaboración y una visión común. Esto, a su vez, puede apoyar la creación del marco adecuado para desarrollar una economía azul sostenible en la región, gestionando el sistema socioecológico asociado en un entorno cambiante

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio