DETERMINE THE PROBABILITY OF PASSENGER SURVIVAL IN AN AVIATION INCIDENT WITH FIRE ON THE GROUND

Conducting the risk level of aviation incident with fire and the impacts of contingence affecting factors on people. Base on statistical data of aviation incident, the model of aircraft fire situation on the ground was offer

СИСТЕМА СБОРА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ О СОСТОЯНИИ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНОСФЕРЫ

The ecological and economic condition of cities and agricultural lands is decisive for the further development of territories. Global environmental problems associated with the increase in economic damage from natural and man-made disasters, pollution of the air and water environment, and soil affect the interests of the Russian Federation and its citizens. The ecological situation in the Russian Federation is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the environment and humans, and this is due not only to the consequences of the past economic crisis in our country, but also to the economic conditions applied in industry and agriculture. For the effective functioning of the system of integrated monitoring of the state of the territorial technosphere, it is extremely important to scientifically-based formation of a network of monitoring stations, that is, locations and methods of sensor placement. The article contains a general scheme for collecting and transmitting information on the results of monitoring, in accordance with which groups of fixed and mobile sensors are selected and described. Sensors are used to automatically measure and record the volume and mass of emissions, discharges, and concentrations of pollutants in air, water, and soil. Timely determination of the fact that the maximum permissible values measured by the sensors are exceeded will be able to prevent the development of an emergency situation and preserve the life and health of the population, as well as reduce the economic costs of the subsequent reclamation of the affected areas.Purpose: development of a general scheme for the automatic collection and transmission of environmental information, as part of a comprehensive monitoring system of the territorial technosphere, in real timeMethod or methodology of the work: the article used mathematical methods, as well as analytical methods of analysis.Results: for the first time, a general scheme for collecting and transmitting information on the results of integrated monitoring of the territorial technosphere, using unmanned aerial vehicles, was developed and described for automatic measurement and recording of the state of the technosphere, which makes it possible to reduce the economic damage caused by the pollution of territories and the cost of their subsequent remediation.The scope of the results: the results obtained (monitoring scheme and principles of its construction) should be used to create a system for monitoring the environmental impact of man-made objects. Moreover, both the enterprises themselves (for the preparation of environmental reporting, environmental monitoring, etc.) and the regional environmental services of the Russian Federation may be interested in these results.Эколого-экономическое состояние городов и сельскохозяйственных угодий является определяющим для дальнейшего развития территорий. Глобальные экологические проблемы, связанные с возрастанием экономического ущерба от катастроф природного и техногенного характера, загрязнением воздушной и водной среды, почв, затрагивают интересы РФ и ее граждан. Экологическая ситуация в РФ характеризуется высоким уровнем техногенного воздействия на окружающую среду и человека, и связано это не только с последствиями прошедшего экономического кризиса в нашей стране, но и с условиями хозяйствования, применяемыми в промышленности и сельском хозяйстве. Для эффективного функционирования системы комплексного мониторинга состояния территориальной техносферы чрезвычайно важным является научно обоснованное формирование сети постов мониторинга, то есть мест и способов размещения датчиков. Статья содержит общую схема сбора и передачи информации о результатах мониторинга, в соответствии с которой, подобраны и описаны группы стационарных и мобильных датчиков. Датчики служат для автоматического измерения и учета объема и массы выбросов, сбросов, концентрации загрязняющих веществ в воздушной, водной средах и почве. Своевременное установление факта превышения предельно допустимых значений измеренных датчиками, сможет предотвратить развитие чрезвычайной ситуации и сохранить жизнь и здоровье населения, а также снизить экономические затраты на последующую рекультивацию пораженных территорий.Цель: разработка общей схемы автоматического сбора и передачи экологической информации, в составе системы комплексного мониторинга территориальной техносферы, в режиме реального времени.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались математические методы, а также аналитические методы анализа.Результаты: впервые разработана и описана общая схема сбора и передачи информации о результатах комплексного мониторинга территориальной техносферы, с применение беспилотных летательных аппаратов, для автоматического измерения и учета состояния техносферы, позволяющая снизить экономический ущерб от загрязнения территорий и затрат на их последующую рекультивацию.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты (схема мониторинга и принципы ее построения) целесообразно применять для создания системы контроля воздействия на окружающую среду техногенных объектов. Причем в этих результатах могут быть заинтересованы как сами предприятия (для составления экологической отчетности, проведения экологического контроля и пр.), так и региональные экологические службы Российской Федерации

Anemia and quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients on renal replacement therapy by programmed hemodialysis

Aim. To study relationship between anemia and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients (CKD) undergoing renal replacement therapy by programmed hemodialysis. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of dialysis centers/departments in Moscow. The Russian-language version of the KDQOL-SFTM questionnaire, validated in Russia, was used to assess the HRQOL of patients on hemodialysis. A total of 723 patients were interviewed. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were assessed in 442 patients based on outpatient records. To identify the relationship between Hb level and HRQOL scales, a correlation analysis was performed, as well as a HRQOL analysis in the three groups differing in hemoglobin levels (100; 100-120 and 120 g/l). Statistical data processing was carried by SPSS.22 and using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. Results. Correlation relationship was revealed between Hb and HRQOL of patients on hemodialysis on the scales "symptoms/problems", "pain", "vital activity, energy" and "total physical component of health". According to the scales "symptoms/problems" and "vital activity, energy", higher rates were noted among patients with Hb higher than the target level, which confirms the recommendations concerning the possibility of achieving higher Hb among individual patients who have not serious concomitant diseases and cardiovascular complications in order to improve their quality of life. Conclusion. HRQOL assessment is important tool for planning and evaluating the effectiveness of anemia drug therapy among patients with CKD on hemodialysis

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe