Efectividad de la fisioterapia en pacientes con diagnóstico de infecciones respiratorias agudas de o a 9 años de edad que asisten a la Unidad de Salud de Yayantique, departamento de La Unión, período julio a septiembre de 2007

RESUMEN: Las infecciones respiratorias son un conjunto de procesos causados por diferentes gérmenes o condiciones ambientales de gravedad muy variables que afecta el sistema respiratorio, habitualmente se llaman Agudas o Crónicas, según el tiempo de evolución que estas tienen en el paciente, presenta fiebre, tos, secreciones, malestar general, estornudos, respiración superficial. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue aplicar la fisioterapia a pacientes con diagnóstico de IRAS de 0 a 9 años de edad que asistieron a la Unidad de Salud de Yayantique, departamento de La Unión, en un período comprendido de Julio a Septiembre de 2007; los objetivos específicos fueron siete, algunos de ellos son: Clasificar los distintos tipos de Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas que presentan los niños parte de la muestra, identificar los factores que dan origen a las infecciones Respiratorias Agudas de la población en estudio, entre otros. La Hipótesis General se formuló de la siguiente manera: Los pacientes con diagnóstico de IRAS entre 0 a 9 años de edad, mejoran la función respiratoria con la aplicación de la fisioterapia; la cual se pudo comprobar por medio de dicho estudio. Dicha investigación se realizó con una muestra de 22 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión del estudio. El tipo de investigación fue prospectiva, descriptiva y transversal. Las técnicas de obtención de información fueron la técnica Documental, Bibliográfica, Hemerográfica y Técnicas de Campo, como la Guía de Entrevista, dirigida a las madres y la Hoja de Evaluación de Paciente, también se hizo uso de materiales como: vibrador, crema, estetoscopio, bastón, almohada, canapé, hojas de evaluación y de entrevistas. A partir de los resultados se concluye que la fisioterapia respiratoria es un área que beneficia a los pacientes con diagnóstico de IRAS mejorando su estado físico, ya que el 100% de los pacientes que conformaron la muestra presentó una evolución notable en el período de los 3 meses de tratamiento. ABSTRACT: Respiratory infections are a set of processes caused by different germs or highly variable environmental conditions that affect the respiratory system, usually called Acute or Chronic, depending on the time of evolution that these have in the patient, with fever, cough, discharge, general discomfort, sneezing, and shallow breathing. The main objective of this study was to apply physiotherapy to patients diagnosed with IRAS from 0 to 9 years of age who attended the Health Unit of Yayantique, Department of The Union, in a period from July to September 2007; the specific objectives were seven, some of them are: Classify the different types of Acute Respiratory Infections that present children part of the sample, identify the factors that give rise to Acute Respiratory infections of the population under study, among others. The General Hypothesis was formulated as follows: Patients with diagnosis of IRAS between 0 and 9 years of age, improve respiratory function with the application of physiotherapy; which could be verified through this study. This research was conducted with a sample of 22 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The type of research was prospective, descriptive and transversal. The techniques for obtaining information were the Documentary, Bibliographic, Hemerographic and Field Techniques technique, such as the Interview Guide, aimed at mothers and the Patient Evaluation Sheet, also made use of materials such as: vibrator, cream, stethoscope, cane, pillow, canape, evaluation and interview sheets. Based on the results, it is concluded that respiratory physiotherapy is an area that benefits patients diagnosed with IRAS by improving their physical condition, since 100% of the patients who formed the sample showed a significant evolution in the 3-month treatment period

Exploring the role of ferroptosis in C. elegans proteostasis models

Motivation: Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death involved in degenerative and neoplastic diseases, therefore, understanding the mechanism is very important to treat these diseases. Ferroptosis is caused by an iron-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids, but this peroxidation can be eliminated by a glutathione dependent peroxidase. Therefore, the biosynthesis of glutathione, which is limited by cysteine availability, becomes essential for ferroptosis protection. Interestingly, recent work has found that ferroptosis occurs through an osmotic mechanism. The objective of this research is to characterize the ferroptosis pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans, by genetically impairing the cysteine synthesis pathways and to determine if C.elegans ferroptosis is also altered by increased osmotic pressure in a worm model of Huntington´s Disease. Methods: We have used different deletion mutants of cysteine biosynthesis: cbs-1 in the transsulfuration pathway, cysl-1 in cyanide assimilation pathway and trp-14, which is assumed to reduced L-cystine to cysteine. We also used gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 mutants, two genes encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, involved in osmotic pressure resistance. The mutants above were crossed with Q40 worms in which polyQ aggregates accumulate in muscle cells, wich were quantified in a fluorescence microscope. Moreover, we used diethyl maleate (DEM) to deplete glutathione and measure the size of animals to study the impact of glutathione homeostasis in these worms. Results: The Q40; gpdh-1 and Q40; gpdh-1; gpdh-2 strains have more aggregates than the other strains. Intriguingly, the Q40; gpdh-2 and Q40; gpdh-1; gpdh-2 animals display a development delay in comparison with the other strains. Q40 worms are resistant up to 1.5 mM DEM, while Q40; gpdh-1 are up to 1.25 mM DEM and Q40; gpdh-2 and Q40; gpdh-1; gpdh-2 are already sick at 1 mM DEM. Finally, cysl-1 and cysl-1; trp-14 strains show developmental delay when cbs-1 is downregulated by RNAi, while trp-14 mutants development is not affected. Conclusions: The lack of trp-14 or gpdh-2 does not seem to affect the number of Q40 aggregates in worm muscle cells while gpdh-1 mutants have increased the number of aggregates, regardless of the presence of the gpdh-2 mutation. The gpdh-2 mutation appears to affect the development of Q40 worms. Finally, cysl-1 mutants seem to be more sensitive to cbs-1 downregulation than trp-1

Caracterización de la neurogénesis maladaptativa y el deterioro cognitivo post-ictus en un modelo experimental de isquemia cerebral inducida mediante cloruro férrico en ratón

El ictus isquémico es considerado una de las principales causas de demencia y discapacidad en el mundo. La neurogénesis hipocampal que ocurre tras ictus en diversos modelos experimentales de la enfermedad se ha asociado previamente al deterioro cognitivo a largo plazo. Sin embargo, dada la alta heterogeneidad de la patología es necesario estudiar la respuesta neurogénica en nuevos modelos experimentales de ictus isquémico. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la respuesta neurogénica hipocampal adulta y su relación con el deterioro cognitivo post-ictus en un modelo experimental de isquemia cerebral permanente por cloruro férrico en ratón. Se llevó a cabo la evaluación de la lesión en fase aguda y crónica tras la isquemia a través de imagen por resonancia magnética. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la respuesta neurogénica hipocampal tras isquemia mediante inmunofluorescencia, así como el deterioro cognitivo mediante pruebas de comportamiento. Nuestros resultados muestran que el modelo de isquemia por cloruro férrico produce atrofia e hipoperfusión cortical y no afecta directamente al hipocampo. Además, el modelo de isquemia estudiado resulta en un aumento de la neurogénesis hipocampal tras la isquemia. Concretamente, demostramos un incremento de neuroblastos y neuronas inmaduras en la zona subgranular del giro dentado 7 días tras la isquemia. Asimismo, nuestros resultados muestran que este modelo resulta en un aumento del número de nuevas neuronas con morfología aberrante en ambos hemisferios del cerebro. Además, observamos que parte de los animales desarrollan déficit cognitivo a largo plazo. Los resultados preliminares presentados en este estudio sugieren que el ictus isquémico inducido por cloruro férrico es un modelo experimental adecuado para el estudio de la neurogénesis hipocampal adulta y el deterior cognitivo post-ictus

Endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist restricts healthy and malignant myeloproliferation

Here we explored the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) repressor cytokine, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn), in both healthy and abnormal hematopoiesis. Low IL-1RN is frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represents a prognostic marker of reduced survival. Treatments with IL-1RN and the IL-1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduce the expansion of leukemic cells, including CD34+ progenitors, in AML xenografts. In vivo deletion of IL-1rn induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into the myeloid lineage and hampers B cell development via transcriptional activation of myeloid differentiation pathways dependent on NFκB. Low IL-1rn is present in an experimental model of pre-leukemic myelopoiesis, and IL-1rn deletion promotes myeloproliferation, which relies on the bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal compartments. Conversely, IL-1rn protects against pre-leukemic myelopoiesis. Our data reveal that HSC differentiation is controlled by balanced IL-1β/IL-1rn levels under steady-state, and that loss of repression of IL-1β signaling may underlie pre-leukemic lesion and AML progression

Endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist restricts healthy and malignant myeloproliferation.

Here we explored the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) repressor cytokine, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn), in both healthy and abnormal hematopoiesis. Low IL-1RN is frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represents a prognostic marker of reduced survival. Treatments with IL-1RN and the IL-1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduce the expansion of leukemic cells, including CD34+ progenitors, in AML xenografts. In vivo deletion of IL-1rn induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into the myeloid lineage and hampers B cell development via transcriptional activation of myeloid differentiation pathways dependent on NFκB. Low IL-1rn is present in an experimental model of pre-leukemic myelopoiesis, and IL-1rn deletion promotes myeloproliferation, which relies on the bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal compartments. Conversely, IL-1rn protects against pre-leukemic myelopoiesis. Our data reveal that HSC differentiation is controlled by balanced IL-1β/IL-1rn levels under steady-state, and that loss of repression of IL-1β signaling may underlie pre-leukemic lesion and AML progression.We thank K. Tasken, J. Saarela and the NCMM at the University of Oslo (UiO), S. Kanse (UiO) and B. Smedsrød (UiT), for access to facilities. We acknowledge Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital (Bergen, Norway) and R. Hovland for karyotyping, FISH, translocation and DNA analyses of AML and MDS patients included in this study, and Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital (Oslo, Norway) and S. Spetalen for deep sequencing. L.M. Gonzalez, L.T. Eliassen, X. Zhang, M. Ristic and other members of L. Arranz group, O.P. Rekvig, R. Doohan, L.D. Håland, M.I. Olsen, A. Urbanucci, J. Landskron, K.B. Larsen, R.A. Lyså and UiT Advanced Microscopy Core Facility, UiO and UiT Comparative Medicine Units, for assistance. P. Garcia and S. Mendez-Ferrer for providing NRASG12D and Nes-gfp mice, respectively. P. Garcia and L. Kurian for careful reading of the manuscript. E. Tenstad (Science Shaped) for artwork in schematics. We would also like to thank the AML and MDS patients, and healthy volunteers, who donated biological samples. Our work is supported by a joint meeting grant of the Northern Norway Regional Health Authority, the University Hospital of Northern Norway (UNN) and UiT (Strategisk-HN06-14), Young Research Talent grants from the Research Council of Norway, (Stem Cell Program, 247596; FRIPRO Program, 250901), and grants from the Norwegian Cancer Society (6765150), the Northern Norway Regional Health Authority (HNF1338-17), and the Aakre-Stiftelsen Foundation (2016/9050) to L.A. Vav-Cre NRASG12D experiments were supported by NIH grant R01CA152108 to J.Z.S

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe