Análisis control de tensión en una red de distribución, operando de manera aislada

El siguiente documento hace referencia a la Tesis de Maestría Ingeniería Eléctrica en profundización, en esté se presentará el análisis de estabilidad de tensión para una red de distribución operando en modo isla, el cual tiene como motivación: generar respaldo en la red de distribución del sistema eléctrico de potencia ante contingencias, sin alterar la calidad del servicio a los usuarios, los cuales quedan operando en modo isla; tener en cuenta las condiciones actuales de la normativa Colombiana; y las necesidades del país considerando entre ellas: confiabilidad, respaldo, sostenibilidad y zonas no interconectadas. Se involucrará la generación distribuida con diferentes niveles de penetración, para lo cual se especificarán las definiciones y clases de este tipo de generación, con el fin de determinar cuál es la opción más adecuada para la implementación en Colombia, de igual manera se realizarán simulaciones por medio del software DigSilent, lo cual permitirá definir los límites de estabilidad de tensión y las condiciones que deben existir en la red de distribución operando en modo isla, con el fin de mantener dicho estadoAbstract : The following document refers to the Master's Thesis in Electrical Engineering, the analysis of voltage stability for distribution network operating in island mode, which is to be submitted motivation: to generate support in the distribution system electric power to contingencies without altering the quality of service to network users distribution, which are operating in island mode; current conditions of the Colombian legislation and the country's needs considering including reliability, support, sustainability and non-interconnected areas. Distributed generation with different levels of penetration is involved, for which the definitions and the different kinds that exist distributed generation, in order to determine what is best for Colombia, likewise be specified simulations were carried out by the DigSilent software, which will define the limits of voltage stability and the conditions that must exist in the distribution network operating in island mode to keep such stateMaestrí

Generalidades de la farmacovigilancia y el servicio farmacéutico

Al estudiar la farmacovigilancia entendemos que las actividades relativas de esta son la detección, evaluación, comprensión y prevención de los efectos adversos de los medicamentos o cualquier otro problema relacionado con ellos. Con esta ciencia se busca formar el perfil de seguridad de los medicamentos para procurar el uso adecuado de los mismos, y tomar medidas de intervención o prevención de efectos secundarios. El proceso de la farmacovigilancia inicia con la detención de un evento adverso o problema relacionado con la utilización de los medicamentos, frente a los cuales se deberán tomar medidas de intervención o prevención de efectos secundarios y se realizara el reporte correspondiente a los entes de vigilancia y control (Minsalud, s.f.) Cuando hablamos acerca de la farmacovigilancia, se describe de una gestión en las acciones, utilizada para la prevención de riesgos de los medicamentos en los seres humanos y para evitar los problemas relacionados a los efectos adversos no esperados, así mismo mencionamos las características de las reacciones adversas, que se presentan en el día a día, esto quiere decir que la farmacovigilancia es aquella que se encarga de identificar, contar y evaluar la prevención de los riesgos en el uso de los medicamentos, por tal razón la evaluación que se les hace a los medicamentos es para garantizar su seguridad (Castro et al., 2020) Por consiguiente, los implicados son las autoridades sanitarias (comunitarias, estatales y autonómicas), los encargados de la autorización comercial y el personal sanitario (médicos, farmacéuticos, enfermeros y odontólogos). El INVIMA es la organización que se encarga de la recolección de datos. Gracias a ella los errores encontrados en la comercialización y en la dispensación de los mismos han tenido una disminución favorable, retroalimentado para las prevenciones futuras.When studying pharmacovigilance we understand that its relative activities are the detection, evaluation, understanding and prevention of the adverse effects of drugs or any other problem related to them. This science seeks to form the safety profile of drugs to ensure the proper use of them, and take intervention measures or prevention of side effects. The pharmacovigilance process begins with the arrest of an adverse event or problem related to the use of drugs, against which intervention measures or prevention of side effects must be taken and the corresponding report will be made to the surveillance entities and control (Minsalud, sf) When we talk about pharmacovigilance, a management in actions is described, used for the prevention of drug risks in human beings and to avoid problems related to unexpected adverse effects, we also mention the characteristics of the reactions adverse events, which occur on a daily basis, this means that pharmacovigilance is the one that is responsible for identifying, counting and evaluating the prevention of risks in the use of medicines, for this reason the evaluation that is made to medications is to ensure their safety (Castro et al., 2020) Consequently, those involved are the health authorities (community, state and autonomous), those in charge of commercial authorization and health personnel (doctors, pharmacists, nurses and dentists). INVIMA is the organization in charge of data collection. Thanks to it, the errors found in marketing and dispensing them have had a favorable decrease, fed back for future prevention

Hábitos alimentarios de las familias que pertenecen al programa de Complementación Alimentaria , Desayunos Infantiles MANÁ con Amor

Introducción: el departamento de Antioquia presenta una grave problemática de seguridad alimentaria con las más altas tasas de mortalidad infantil por desnutrición. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los hábitos alimentarios de la población del Bajo Cauca que pertenecen al programa MANÁ InfantilC Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, muestra a conveniencia de 350 cuidadores de niños inscritos en el programa. Se analizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: el 96.3% de las familias reciben algún complemento alimentario: la responsabilidad frente a la alimentación la asume la madre en el 72% de los casos. En cuanto al consumo de alimentos en los niños, la leche ocupa el primer lugar con un 75.6%, seguido por cereales y dulces con un 63.7%. Conclusión: a pesar del acceso a programas de complementación alimentaria, la tasa de desnutrición en la zona sigue siendo una de las más altas en el país.

Hábitos alimentarios de las familias que pertenecen al programa de complementación alimentaria, desayunos infantiles Maná con amor.

El departamento de Antioquia presenta una grave problemática de seguridad alimentaria con las más altas tasas de mortalidad infantil por desnutrición. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los hábitos alimentarios de la población del Bajo Cauca que pertenecen al programa MANÁ Infantil C

Latin American study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer LACAM : a genomic epidemiology approach

Q2Q1Artículo original1-13Purpose: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is responsible for ~5–10% of all diagnosed breast and ovarian cancers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Latin America (LA). The main objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of HBOC throughout the establishment of The Latin American consortium for HBOC-LACAM, consisting of specialists from 5 countries in LA and the description of the genomic results from the first phase of the study. Methods: We have recruited 403 individuals that fulfilled the criteria for HBOC from 11 health institutions of Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. A pilot cohort of 222 individuals was analyzed by NGS gene panels. One hundred forty-three genes were selected on the basis of their putative role in susceptibility to different hereditary cancers. Libraries were sequenced in MiSeq (Illumina, Inc.) and PGM (Ion Torrent-Thermo Fisher Scientific) platforms. Results: The overall prevalence of pathogenic variants was 17% (38/222); the distribution spanned 14 genes and varied by country. The highest relative prevalence of pathogenic variants was found in patients from Argentina (25%, 14/57), followed by Mexico (18%, 12/68), Guatemala (16%, 3/19), and Colombia (13%, 10/78). Pathogenic variants were found in BRCA1 (20%) and BRCA2 (29%) genes. Pathogenic variants were found in other 12 genes, including high and moderate risk genes such as MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, and PALB2. Additional pathogenic variants were found in HBOC unrelated genes such as DCLRE1C, WRN, PDE11A, and PDGFB. Conclusion: In this first phase of the project, we recruited 403 individuals and evaluated the germline genetic alterations in an initial cohort of 222 patients among 4 countries. Our data show for the first time in LA the distribution of pathogenic variants in a broad set of cancer susceptibility genes in HBOC. Even though we used extended gene panels, there was still a high proportion of patients without any detectable pathogenic variant, which emphasizes the larger, unexplored genetic nature of the disease in these populations

Influence of Antisynthetase Antibodies Specificities on Antisynthetase Syndrome Clinical Spectrum TimeCourse

Introduction: Increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is observed in inflammatory joint diseases (IJDs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. However, the management of CV disease in these conditions is far from being well established.Areas covered: This review summarizes the main epidemiologic, pathophysiological, and clinical risk factors of CV disease associated with IJDs. Less common aspects on early diagnosis and risk stratification of the CV disease in these conditions are also discussed. In Europe, the most commonly used risk algorithm in patients with IJDs is the modified SCORE index based on the revised recommendations proposed by the EULAR task force in 2017.Expert opinion: Early identification of IJD patients at high risk of CV disease is essential. It should include the use of complementary noninvasive imaging techniques. A multidisciplinary approach aimed to improve heart-healthy habits, including strict control of classic CV risk factors is crucial. Adequate management of the underlying IJD is also of main importance since the reduction of disease activity decreases the risk of CV events. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a lesser harmful effect in IJD than in the general population, due to their anti-inflammatory effects along with other potential beneficial effects.This research was partially funded by FOREUM—Foundation for Research in Rheumatolog

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Gut microbiota alterations in critically ill older patients: a multicenter study

International audienceBackground: Aging generates changes in the gut microbiota, affecting its functionality. Little is known about gut microbiota in critically ill older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of gut microbiota in a cohort of critically ill older adults. Methods: This observational study was conducted in five health institutions. Over a 6-month study period, critically ill patients over 18 years old who were admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled. Fecal microbiota profiles were determined from 155 individuals, over 60 years old (n = 72) and under 60 years old (n = 83). Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Alpha and beta diversity, operational taxonomic units and the interaction of gut microbiota with variables under study were analyzed. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) specifically associated with age were recovered by including gender, discharge condition, BMI, ICU stay and antibiotics as covariates in a linear mixed model. Results: In older adults, sepsis, malnutrition, antibiotic prescription and severity (APACHE and SOFA scores) were higher than in the group under 60 years of age. Alpha diversity showed lower gut microbiota diversity in those over 60 years of age (p < 0.05); beta diversity evidenced significant differences between the groups (PERMANOVA = 1.19, p = 0.038). The microbiota of the adults under 60 years old showed greater abundance of Murdochiella, Megasphaera, Peptoniphilus and Ezakiella, whereas those over 60 years old Escherichia-Shigella and Hungatella were more abundant. Conclusion: The gut microbial community was altered by different factors; however, age significantly explained the variability in critically ill patients. A lower presence of beneficial genera and a higher abundance of pathogens was observed in adults over 60 years old