Factors related to the development of health-promoting community activities in Spanish primary healthcare: two case-control studies

Atenció Primària de Salut; Salut Comunitària; Promoció de la SalutAtención Primaria de Salud; Salud Comunitaria; Promoción de la SaludPrimary Health Care; Community Health; Health PromotionOBJECTIVE: Spanish primary healthcare teams have the responsibility of performing health-promoting community activities (CAs), although such activities are not widespread. Our aim was to identify the factors related to participation in those activities. DESIGN: Two case-control studies. SETTING: Performed in primary care of five Spanish regions. SUBJECTS: In the first study, cases were teams that performed health-promoting CAs and controls were those that did not. In the second study (on case teams from the first study), cases were professionals who developed these activities and controls were those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Team, professional and community characteristics collected through questionnaires (team managers/professionals) and from secondary sources. RESULTS: The first study examined 203 teams (103 cases, 100 controls). Adjusted factors associated with performing CAs were percentage of nurses (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14), community socioeconomic status (higher vs lower OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.95) and performing undergraduate training (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.93). In the second study, 597 professionals responded (254 cases, 343 controls). Adjusted factors were professional classification (physicians do fewer activities than nurses and social workers do more), training in CAs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1), team support (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7), seniority (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), nursing tutor (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5), motivation (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5), collaboration with non-governmental organisations (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and participation in neighbourhood activities (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Professional personal characteristics, such as social sensitivity, profession, to feel team support or motivation, have influence in performing health-promoting CAs. In contrast to the opinion expressed by many professionals, workload is not related to performance of health-promoting CAs

Oferta de servicios sociosanitarios en Atención Primaria para la atención a mayores de 65 años Social and health services offer in Primary Care attention of people older than 65

La consolidación de poblaciones envejecidas en los países desarrollados, y concretamente en España, ha situado en primer plano la preocupación por la atención que recibe este grupo demográfico, tanto en lo que se refiere al aspecto social como al sanitario. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los servicios sociosanitarios y programas ofertados para la atención en domicilio de la población a partir de los 65 años. Este es un estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 190 una muestra de conveniencia en las comunidades autónomas (CC.AA.) de Aragón, Baleares, Castilla y León, Navarra, Madrid y Cataluña durante el año 2004 a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado destinado a identificar servicios sanitarios y servicios sociales. En conjunto los programas y servicios sociosanitarios ofertados a esta población son muy similares en las CC.AA. estudiadas, pero existen diferencias en el grado de implantación de los mismos. Esto podría indicar que los cuidados llegan a la población de forma desigual según su lugar de residencia, con las consiguientes desigualdades en la atención recibida y por tanto con posibles desigualdades en salud, calidad de vida y bienestar.The consolidation of aged population in developed countries, specially in Spain, has located the preoccupation of the attention that this demographic group receives in first place, regarding social and health care.The objective of this study is to describe the social and health services programs supplied to attend the population of 65 years and older at home. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study made in a sample of convenience in autonomous communities (CC.AA.) of Aragon, Balearic Islands, Castile-Leon, Navarre, Madrid and Catalonia, during the year 2004, through a semistructured questionnaire destined to identify health and social services. Altogether the programs and health and social services offered to this population are very similar in the studied CC.AA., however, there are some differences in the degree of implantation of such services. This could indicate that the care that this population receives is unequal depending of their place of residence, with the consequent inequalities in the attention they receive regarding health, quality of life and well-being

Producció d'aliments i sostenibilitat : Informe de l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans

212 pagesAconseguir prou per menjar, junt amb reproduir-se i sobreviure a les agressions, és un dels objectius principals que tenen tots els éssers vius. L'èspècie humana no n'és una excepció. [...]Peer reviewe

Ocorrência de tuberculose doença entre contatos de tuberculose sensível e multirresistente Occurrence of active tuberculosis in households inhabited by patients with susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

INTRODUÇÃO: Desde os primeiros anos da quimioterapia anti-tuberculose, existe polêmica a respeito da transmissibilidade, infectividade, virulência e patogenicidade de bacilos sensíveis e resistentes à quimioterapia. OBJETIVO: Determinar a ocorrência de casos de tuberculose doença entre contatos intra-domiciliares de tuberculose multirresistente e tuberculose sensível. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle, sendo considerado tuberculose multirresistente o caso de portador de bacilo resistente a pelo menos rifampicina e isoniazida, e tuberculose sensível o caso que tivesse feito o primeiro tratamento num período semelhante ao primeiro tratamento do caso de tuberculose multirresistente, estando o paciente curado no momento da entrevista. Contato foi definido como o residente no domicílio do caso índice. Os casos foram selecionados a partir dos resultados dos testes de sensibilidade obtidos pelo método das proporções no Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará, e os controles constituídos por pacientes bacilíferos registrados no Programa de Controle da Tuberculose, entre 1.990 e 1.999. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 126 portadores de tuberculose multirresistente e 176 de tuberculose sensível. O número de contatos foi de 557 no grupo dos casos, 752 no grupo controle e a média de contatos por caso índice foi de 4,42 e 4,27 respectivamente. Entre os casos, 4,49% dos contatos (25/557) fizeram tratamento para tuberculose após os casos índices. Esse percentual foi de 5,45% (41/752) entre os controles (p = 0,4468). Ocorreu micro-epidemia de tuberculose multirresistente confirmada por teste de sensibilidade em oito famílias. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a ocorrência de tratamentos de tuberculose gerados entre contatos intra-domiciliares de tuberculose sensível e tuberculose multirresistente é semelhante.<br>BACKGROUND: Since the first years of antituberculosis chemotherapy, there has been controversy regarding the transmissibility, infectiousness, virulence and pathogenicity of susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) among individuals cohabiting with patients infected with susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted. Cases of MDR-TB were defined as those infected with M. tuberculosis strains resistant to at least rifampin and isoniazid. Susceptible TB cases (controls) were defined as those first treated at approximately the same time as the first treatment of the MDR-TB cases - and cured by the time of the interview. Study cases were selected on the basis of the results of susceptibility tests, using the proportion method, carried out at the Central Laboratory of Public Health of the State of Ceará. The control group consisted of patients enrolled in the Tuberculosis Control Program between 1990 and 1999. RESULTS: We evaluated 126 patients and 176 controls. The number of individuals sharing the household with patients was 557 in the MDR-TB group and 752 in the controls. The average number of exposed individuals per index case was 4.42 and 4.27 among patients and controls, respectively. Of the 557 MDR-TB-exposed individuals, 4.49% (25) received antituberculosis treatment after the respective index case had begun treatment, compared to 5.45% (41/752) among the controls (p = 0.4468). Microepidemics of MDR-TB were confirmed in eight families. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the incidence of active TB is comparable between households inhabited by MDR-TB patients and those inhabited by susceptible-TB patients

Factors related to the development of health-promoting community activities in Spanish primary healthcare: two case-control studies

Atenció Primària de Salut; Salut Comunitària; Promoció de la SalutAtención Primaria de Salud; Salud Comunitaria; Promoción de la SaludPrimary Health Care; Community Health; Health PromotionOBJECTIVE: Spanish primary healthcare teams have the responsibility of performing health-promoting community activities (CAs), although such activities are not widespread. Our aim was to identify the factors related to participation in those activities. DESIGN: Two case-control studies. SETTING: Performed in primary care of five Spanish regions. SUBJECTS: In the first study, cases were teams that performed health-promoting CAs and controls were those that did not. In the second study (on case teams from the first study), cases were professionals who developed these activities and controls were those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Team, professional and community characteristics collected through questionnaires (team managers/professionals) and from secondary sources. RESULTS: The first study examined 203 teams (103 cases, 100 controls). Adjusted factors associated with performing CAs were percentage of nurses (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14), community socioeconomic status (higher vs lower OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.95) and performing undergraduate training (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.93). In the second study, 597 professionals responded (254 cases, 343 controls). Adjusted factors were professional classification (physicians do fewer activities than nurses and social workers do more), training in CAs (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1), team support (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.7), seniority (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), nursing tutor (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5), motivation (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5), collaboration with non-governmental organisations (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.1) and participation in neighbourhood activities (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.1). CONCLUSIONS: Professional personal characteristics, such as social sensitivity, profession, to feel team support or motivation, have influence in performing health-promoting CAs. In contrast to the opinion expressed by many professionals, workload is not related to performance of health-promoting CAs

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Proceedings Of The 23Rd Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part Two

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