Memory in the quilombo Alcantarense de Itamatatiua-MA: The focus on religiosity

The narratives about the development of the territory that comprises Itamatatiua are imprecise, as the historical data contrasts with the oral reports. Nevertheless, it is clear, both in the memory of the community and in the historical documentation, the direct link of this village with the Order do Carmelite (Carmelite Order), which had several projects in Alcântara, such as farms, potteries, salt pans, first hospitals for people with mental disorders, convent and church. The approach adopted in this article focuses on the religiosity present in the formation of the quilombola community in Itamatatiua, located in Alcântara/Maranhão. In the methodological track, field research was used, conducted in the place where people live and socialize, with due survey through data collection and an inductive method (descriptive accumulation in detail)

New historical and cultural considerations of the potters of the Quilombo of Itamatatiua, in Alcântara, Maranhão

The article focuses on the results obtained in research carried out in the Quilombo of Itamatatiua, in Alcântara, Maranhão. By means of Archeological Ethnography, a broad documental survey was carried out, with audiovisual records based on the potters\u27 narratives. The cutout adopted in this research approaches the presentation of the historical documentation about the formation of the traditional territory of Itamatatiua, the slave labor; the abandonment of the land by the owners, once colonizers of the religious Carmelite orders and the permanence of the African descendant population in this region. The documental contribution provided the delineation of new evidences that point to a strong indigenous influence in the ceramic production, a fact that has been deconstructing assumptions, such as that, the referred craft would have been introduced in the colonial period in the Carmelite potteries

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

As práticas de saúde de enfermeiros na visita domiciliar e a promoção da saúde

O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar estudos voltados para práticas de saúde realizadas por enfermeiros na visita domiciliar e analisá-los na perspectiva da estratégia de promoção da saúde. Para elaboração foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Cochrane e Scielo) em maio de 2010. Foram utilizados os descritores “visita domiciliar” e “enfermagem”. A pesquisa limitou-se aos anos de 1992 a 2010. Encontraram-se 66 publicações das quais selecionaram-se 17. Estas foram analisadas a partir de duas estratégias de promoção da saúde: o desenvolvimento de habilidades pessoais e a reorientação do sistema de saúde. Identificou-se que 13 são artigos científicos e quatro são teses. O período com maior quantitativo de publicações foi 2000-2002 e 2004-2005, com dois artigos em cada ano. A região sudeste destacou-se com 10 publicações. Identificou-se a predominância de pesquisas qualitativas em 15 estudos. Os sujeitos de estudo com maior quantitativo nas publicações foram os pacientes psiquiátricos e discentes (três estudos cada). Após analisar diferentes práticas de saúde desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na visita domiciliar, pôde-se identificar diversas propostas que englobam aspectos fundamentais no processo de construção da promoção da saúde, tais como o reconhecimento dos determinantes sociais de saúde, a particularidade cultural, a autonomia e a coparticipação do sujeito. A visita domiciliar mostrou-se como um espaço significativo de viabilização da promoção da saúde, uma vez que ela aproxima o enfermeiro dos aspectos importantes a serem identificados ou otimizados neste processo

The proposed conservation of biodiversity: interface of the creative economy with environmental quality in the context of the graduate development program - PDPG legal Amazônia

This research presents the proposal presented by UFMA called Conservation of biodiversity: the interface of the creative economy with environmental quality, linked to thematic area II - Biodiversity, conservation and environmental recovery. The proposal is intended to address the issue of biodiversity conservation in an interdisciplinary way, together with sociocultural aspects, to expand academic links between them and promote dialogue between their research groups, to enhance academic production of high scientific impact, considering the Eastern Amazon of Maranhão, particularly the Baixada Maranhense and Reentrâncias Maranhenses regions. The research aims to qualify professionals and students coming from different areas to work in teaching, research and extension, as well as in the management of public policies that prioritize themes and objects of studies focused on the Legal Amazon in Maranhão, with a focus on the Eastern Amazon, in the regions of Baixada Maranhense and Reentrâncias Maranhenses. In the pursuit of the objectives, field research was used (conducted in the place where people live and socialize; Multifactorial Survey (use of two or more data collection techniques); Inductive Method (descriptive accumulation in detail); Holistic Vision (as complete picture as possible of the study group, considering the vision of the researcher and the researched)

Teses sobre hepatites na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1837-2000 Theses on hepatitis at the Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 1837-2000

Apresenta inventário das teses sobre hepatites da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro entre 1837 e 2000. A análise indica potencialidades e limites para discussão do quadro evolutivo do conhecimento científico no Brasil sobre esses agravos. As teses também são discutidas à luz de seus referenciais científicos e das mudanças tecnológicas e sociais que as influenciaram. Identificam-se e categorizam-se os marcos do ensino médico e do conhecimento sobre as hepatites, considerando que as teses revelam, no mínimo, o estado da arte de seu objeto. O estudo permitiu explorar as bases em que os saberes científicos sobre as hepatites foram construídos e indicar possibilidades de pesquisas na reconstrução do conhecimento científico de outros agravos.<br>An inventory of the theses on hepatitis of the Faculdade de Medicina of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro between 1837 and 2000 is presented. The analysis indicates the potential and limits for discussion of the evolutionary framework of scientific knowledge on these health problems in Brazil. The theories are also discussed in light of their scientific reference points and the technological and social changes that influenced them. The landmarks in medical education and knowledge about hepatitis are identified and categorized, considering that the theses reveal at the very least the state of the art on the subject. The study makes it possible to explore the foundations upon which the scientific knowledge on hepatitis were built and indicate possibilities for research in the reconstruction of scientific knowledge of other health problems

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved