Financement De La Caisse De Solidarité Du District Sanitaire De Youwarou Au Mali : Une Revue Systématique De Littérature

Objectif : Evaluer le mécanisme de financement de la caisse de solidarité dans le cadre du système de référence-évacuation du district sanitaire de Youwarou. Méthode : Il s’agit d’une revue systématique de la littérature réalisée du 1er Mai au 30 Juin 2017 sur le district de Youwarou. Les données sont issues de la littérature accessible sur internet et de la littérature grise (plans d’actions, documents de politique, rapports) disponible au Mali. Les moteurs de recherche PUBMED et Google scholar ont été utilisés. Les informations ont été répertoriées dans les rubriques suivantes : i) contexte, ii) processus, iii) contenu et iv) acteurs selon le modèle proposé par Gilson et European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 January 2021 edition Vol.17, No.3 www.eujournal.org 191 Walt. Résultat : Le financement de la caisse de solidarité lancé en 2006 a connu d’énormes insuffisances de financement, ainsi le taux de paiement des quotes-parts de 2006 à 2009, était de 43% pour les mairies, 73% pour les ASACO et de 15% pour le conseil de cercle. Malgré la révision en 2013 ayant abouti au scénario de paiement par les ménages, le taux de paiement n’était que de 12%. Conclusion : Le déficit de financement de la caisse de solidarité du système de référence-évacuation est lié au faible engagement et de contribution des collectivités décentralisées et des associations de santé communautaire. Un plaidoyer auprès des acteurs communautaires pour plus d’engagement de mobilisation des ressources au niveau des collectivités rurales en vue d’assurer un système de référence évacuation fiable et réduire ainsi les décès maternels et néonataux. Objective: Evaluate the financing mechanism of the solidarity fund within the framework of the referral-evacuation system of the Youwarou health district. Method: This is a systematic review of the literature carried out from May 1 to June 30, 2017 in the district of Youwarou. The data are resulted of the literature available on the internet and gray literature (action plans, policy documents, reports) available in Mali. The PUBMED and European Scientific Journal, ESJ ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 January 2021 edition Vol.17, No.3 www.eujournal.org 192 Google scholar search engines were used. The information has been listed under the following headings: i) context, ii) process, iii) content and iv) actors according to the model proposed by Gilson and Walt. Result: The financing of the solidarity fund launched in 2006 experienced enormous funding shortfalls, so the rate of payment of quotas from 2006 to 2009 was 43% for municipalities, 73% for ASACOs and 15% for the circle council. Despite the revision in 2013 that resulted in the household payment scenario, the payment rate was only 12%. Conclusion: The financing deficit of the solidarity fund of the referral-evacuation system is linked to the weak commitment and contribution of decentralized communities and community health associations. Advocacy with community actors for more commitment to mobilize resources at the level of rural communities in order to ensure a reliable referral-evacuation system and thus reduce maternal and neonatal deaths

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Perspectives on the role of stakeholders in knowledge translation in health policy development in Uganda

BACKGROUND: Stakeholder roles in the application of evidence are influenced by context, the nature of the evidence, the policy development process, and stakeholder interactions. Past research has highlighted the role of stakeholders in knowledge translation (KT) without paying adequate attention to the peculiarities of low-income countries. Here we identify the roles, relations, and interactions among the key stakeholders involved in KT in Uganda and the challenges that they face. METHODS: This study employed qualitative approaches to examine the roles of and links among various stakeholders in KT. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 key informants and focused on the key actors in KT, their perceived roles, and challenges. RESULTS: Major stakeholders included civil society organizations with perceived roles of advocacy, community mobilization, and implementation. These stakeholders may ignore unconvincing evidence. The community's role was perceived as advocacy and participation in setting research priorities. The key role of the media was perceived as knowledge dissemination, but respondents noted that the media may misrepresent evidence if it is received in a poorly packaged form. The perceived roles of policy makers were evidence uptake, establishing platforms for KT and stewardship; negative roles included ignoring or even misrepresenting evidence that is not in their favor. The roles of parliamentarians were perceived as advocacy and community mobilization, but they were noted to pursue objectives that may not be supported by the evidence. The researchers' main role was defined as evidence generation, but focusing disproportionately on academic interests was cited as a concern. The donors' main role was defined as funding research and KT, but respondents were concerned about the local relevance of donor-supported research. Respondents reported that links among stakeholders were weak due to the absence of institutionalized, inclusive platforms. Challenges facing the stakeholders in the process of KT were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation revealed the need to consider the roles that various stakeholders are best placed to play. Links and necessary platforms must be put in place to achieve synergy in KT. Relevant capacities need to be built to overcome the challenges faced by the various stakeholders

Sexuality and reproduction: implications in the process of healthy adolescence

This study aimed to understand the perceptions of adolescents about their process of healthy adolescence with regard to sexuality and reproduction. This is a qualitative research of exploratory type, involving 10 teenagers, in a state school in southern Rio Grande do Sul, between August and October 2007. To collect the data, were used semi-structured interviews, whose contents were subjected to thematic analysis, emerging the theme: sexuality and reproduction in adolescence. At the data, it was noticed the need to provide more guidelines to a healthy adolescence, in the sense of strengthening and promoting the necessary security for the exercise of adolescent sexuality and reproduction. It also showed the need to prepare the adolescent by professionals of health, of education or the family, to face some situations, such as: unwanted pregnancy, first sexual intercourse, self-medication, fear of talking to parents about sexuality and reproduction, among others

IMPLICAÇÕES DA SEXUALIDADE E REPRODUÇÃO NO ADOLESCER SAUDÁVEL

El objetivo fue comprender las percepciones de adolescentes acerca del proceso de adolescencia saludable con respecto a la sexualidad y reproducción. Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, con 10 adolescentes, en escuela pública del sur del Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre agosto y octubre de 2007. Para recolectar los datos, se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas al análisis temático: sexualidad y reproducción en la adolescencia. Se observó que es necesario proporcionar mayores directrices para adolescencia saludable, fortaleciendo y promoviendo seguridad a adolescentes en el ejercicio de sexualidad y reproducción. También ha necesidad de preparar al adolescente, sea por profesionales de la salud, de la educación o la familia, para enfrentamiento de situaciones como embarazo no deseado, primera relación sexual, automedicación, miedo a hablar con padres acerca de la sexualidad e reproducción, entre otros

Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

NERC Knowledge Exchange Fellowship (NE/V018760/1) to E.N.H.C.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha−1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications