Determinación de la dl50 y tl50 de extractos etanólicos de suspensiones celulares de azadirachta indica sobre spodoptera frugiperda.

La obtención in vitro de metabolitos secundarios de neem surge como una alternativa para la posible producción industrial de biocidas. Para la búsqueda de propuestas dirigidas al control de Spodoptera frugiperda, se evaluó la eficiencia de extractos etanólicos de suspensiones celulares de Azadirachta indica para determinar la DL50 y el TL50 sobre la fase larval del segundo ínstar (L2). Se probaron cuatro concentraciones de los extractos (2.500, 5.000, 10.000 y 30.000 ppm) y el testigo (alcohol 96%) para determinar la mortalidad en el tiempo (0, 12, 18, 25, 40 h). Se determinó una DL50 a las 12 h de 2.256 ppm (R2 = 88,54%), a las 18 h de 3.928 ppm (R2 = 90,3 %), a las 25 h de 2.818 ppm (R2 = 90,3 %) y a las 40 h de 1.064 ppm (R2 =90,3 %). Las dosis de 5.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm y 30.000 ppm, no presentaron diferencia estadística en su acción letal, pero fueron efectivas en el control del insecto

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Viconic

La influencia que ha tenido el marketing Digital a lo largo de los años ha permitido que las empresas conecten más con sus clientes, de alguna manera el tiempo se ha encargado de diversificar las formas en la que podemos llegar a nuestro público objetivo, sin embargo de alguna u otra manera como se ha vuelto un punto tan fundamental a la hora de generar comunidad alrededor de la misma empresa que el mercado, se ha vuelto muy competitivo y saturado de marcas que se enfocan en estudiar a los consumidores y segmentos para saber sus necesidades y demandas. Sin embargo, hay que tener un punto fundamental y es que en las condiciones sociales y económicas que se vivió durante la pandemia muchas empresas del sector comenzaron a digitalizar sus procesos, crear contenido por redes sociales y anuncios publicitarios en las páginas más transitadas, pero para destacar en este sector tienes que tener en cuenta tu diferencial y que es lo que haces para que los consumidores te elijan en vez de otros. Por lo cual se ha vuelto una constante lucha innovar y sobresalir en este mercado que se encuentra en un océano rojo. El objetivo de este estudio es poder analizar el posicionamiento de la marca VICONIC que se ha dedicado a brindar servicios de marketing digital y branding a marcas empresariales y personales, entregándoles personalidad y propósito para promover experiencias positivas entre la marca y su comunidad, esto con el fin de saber que tan competitiva es frente a el mercado. A través de todo este análisis se implementó una investigación a través de métodos como SWOAT y el desarrollo de estrategias de brandketing con el objetivo de analizar mejor el entorno de la empresa y con ellos retroalimentar su actividad por medio de ideas que podrían generar mejoras en las falencias de la marca. Teniendo en cuenta esto, se observó que como resultado si bien VICONIC tiene una base definida que le permite ser flexible ante los cambios y como se adapta a las necesidades de sus clientes personalizando su contenido, aún le falta poder identificar conceptos que fortalezcan la misión de la empresa, y trabajar más en desarrollar estrategias que cubran posibles necesidad a futuro.The influence that Digital Marketing has had over the years has allowed companies to connect more with their customers. In some way, the time has been in charge of diversifying the ways in which we can reach our target audience, however In some way or another, as it has become such a fundamental point when it comes to generating a community around the same company as the market, it has become very competitive and saturated with brands that focus on studying consumers and segments to find out their needs. and demands. However, one fundamental point must be taken into account, and that is that in the social and economic conditions experienced during the pandemic, many companies in the sector began to digitize their processes, create content through social networks and advertisements on the busiest pages, but for To stand out in this sector you have to take into account your differential and what you do so that consumers choose you over others. Therefore, it has become a constant struggle to innovate and stand out in this market that is in a red ocean. The objective of this study is to be able to analyze the positioning of the VICONIC brand that has provided digital marketing and branding services to business and personal brands, giving them personality and purpose to promote positive experiences between the brand and its community, with the to know how competitive it is against the market. Through all this analysis, an investigation was implemented through methods such as SWOAT and the development of branding strategies to better analyze the company's environment and provide feedback on its activity through ideas that could generate improvements in the brand flaws. Taking this into account, it was observed that as a result, although VICONIC has a defined base that allows it to be flexible in the face of changes and how it adapts to the needs of its clients by personalizing its content, it still needs to be able to identify concepts that strengthen the mission of the company and work more on developing strategies that cover possible future needs

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA DL50 y TL50 DE EXTRACTOS ETANÓLICOS DE SUSPENSIONES CELULARES DE Azadirachta indica SOBRE Spodoptera frugiperda DETERMINATION OF THE LD50 AND THE LT50 ETHANOL’S EXTRACTS OF CELLULAR SUSPENSIONS FROM Azadirachta indica OVER Spodoptera frugiperda

La obtención in vitro de metabolitos secundarios de neem surge como una alternativa para la posible producción industrial de biocidas. Para la búsqueda de propuestas dirigidas al control de Spodoptera frugiperda, se evaluó la eficiencia de extractos etanólicos de suspensiones celulares de Azadirachta indica para determinar la DL50 y el TL50 sobre la fase larval del segundo ínstar (L2). Se probaron cuatro concentraciones de los extractos (2.500, 5.000, 10.000 y 30.000 ppm) y el testigo (alcohol 96%) para determinar la mortalidad en el tiempo (0, 12, 18, 25, 40 h). Se determinó una DL50 a las 12 h de 2.256 ppm (R² = 88,54%), a las 18 h de 3.928 ppm (R² = 90,3 %), a las 25 h de 2.818 ppm (R² = 90,3 %) y a las 40 h de 1.064 ppm (R² =90,3 %). Las dosis de 5.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm y 30.000 ppm, no presentaron diferencia estadística en su acción letal, pero fueron efectivas en el control del insecto.<br>The production in vitro of secondary metabolites from neem arises like an alternative for the possible industrial processing of biocidas. In the search of alternatives for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda, were evaluated ethanolic extracts of cellular suspensions from Azadirachta indica in order to determine the DL 50 and the TL50 on the larval state of the second “instar” (L2). Four concentrations of the extracts (2.500, 5.000, 10.000, and 30.000 ppm) and the control (alcohol 96%) to determine mortality in the time (0, 12, 18, 25, 40 hours) were compared. It was determined a DL50 at the 12 hours of 2.256 ppm, (R2 = 88, 54%), at the 18 hours of 3.928 ppm, (R2 = 90,30%), at the 25 hours of 2.818 ppm, (R2 = 90,30%) and at the 40 hours of 1.064 ppm, (R2 =90,30%). The doses of 5.000 ppm, 10.000 ppm and 30.000 ppm, didn't present differences statistically significant in their lethal action, but were effective in the insect control

Memorias del IV encuentro de investigación en publicidad.

La Escuela de Publicidad Internacional de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda, con el fin de construir espacios de interacción entre la comunidad académica y la investigación. Tienen el gusto de presentar las memorias de la CUARTA VERSIÓN del ENCUENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN PUBLICIDAD, que se realizó desde la ciudad de Bogotá, en modalidad virtual, los días 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2020. Este evento organizado por la UNIVERSIDAD SERGIO ARBOLEDA, es apoyado por la Universidad Uniminuto, Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Publicidad AFAP, la Asociación Latinoamericana de Investigadores en Comunicación, ALAIC. Una iniciativa que surge visibilizando la necesidad de generar espacios académicos desde la Institución, que permitan la socialización de experiencias en torno a la disciplina de la Comunicación Publicitaria, brindado la oportunidad a diferentes instituciones de Educación Superior, organizaciones y centros de investigación –en el ámbito local y nacional–, de compartir los avances y desarrollos en estas áreas del conocimiento

Revista Red GRID edición 2

En primer lugar, deseo felicitar a los estudiantes que han desarrollado la iniciativa de hacer esta revista a partir del trabajo en la asignatura Taller de Diseño Editorial en colaboración con los miembros del Club de Diseño Editorial Red Grid. Tanto el proyecto de la revista como el desarrollo del club son iniciativas de formación complementaria en las que los estudiantes tienen la posibilidad de desarrollar competencias y habilidades personales, interpersonales y profesionales. Vale la pena resaltar que hoy en día, un buen profesional no solo es capaz de entender temáticas relacionadas con su profesión mediante un proceso lógico de pensamiento, de resolver problemas profesionales basados en el conocimiento aprendido y de proponer desarrollos innovativos en áreas de aplicación de su conocimiento, lo cual ya es bastante. Adicionalmente, hoy en día se requiere que un profesional haya desarrollado competencias personales e interpersonales muy diversas, como la autonomía, el manejo del tiempo, el trabajo en equipo, la capacidad para atender múltiples frentes simultáneamente, ser capaz de asumir y hacer frente a la presión que el trabajo puede generar, etc. Sin estas competencias al profesional le resultará muy complicado poder aplicar su conocimiento en distintos contextos. Por Alberto De Castro Correa Vicerrector Académico Universidad del Nort

Biodiversidad 2018. Reporte de estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad continental de Colombia

Las cifras y temáticas contenidos en el presente Reporte, aunque no son el panorama completo del estado del conocimiento de la biodiversidad en Colombia, son un compendio seleccionado de los temas que, desde el Instituto Humboldt, consideramos son relevantes y merecen ser discutidos por el público general. En muchos de los casos, las cifras no son esperanzadoras u son un llamado urgente a la acción. En otro casos son la evidencia de que se requieren acciones a nivel nacional, y más allá de esto, son muchas las iniciativas que están germinando desde los territorios, cada vez desde una mayor variedad de actores.Bogotá, D. C., Colombi